Scientific advances have allowed us to type on computers, cell phones, etc., eliminating the need for heavy books to consult. All things have their advantages and disadvantages, and even medical professionals can get confused with a lot of medical vocabulary, which is very basic and used in high frequency.
For example, the following 5 groups of vocabulary, ask yourself, get clear on each group scores 20 points, try to play a few points ah. The author did not pass before going through the information, decided to face the wall to think about ……
Phrase 1: Indications? Indications?
Correct examples: indications, contraindications, complications, comorbidities.
”Indications” and “contraindications” are very commonly used in medical literature and drug instructions, but are often misused as “indications” and “contraindications”. In fact, as early as 1989, the most authoritative textual tool in China, Thesaurus, has a clear commentary on “indications”: Indications are diseases or conditions for which a certain therapeutic measure is indicated.
Evidence, i.e. evidence, evidence-based. Symptoms, i.e. symptomatic manifestations. Very often, the decision to use a drug or perform a procedure is not only based on the patient’s symptoms, but also on a variety of evidence such as medical history, physical examination, and medical imaging, so it is an “indication” supported by evidence.
Phrase 2: Incidence? Prevalence?
These are all statistically discussed, but they do tend to be confused.
Morbidity refers to the rate of new occurrence of a disease in a given population over a given period of time.
Prevalence refers to the proportion of the total population with a disease or condition at a given time (including old and new cases, regardless of when the disease was acquired).
What does it mean? Morbidity rate is about the rate of “new” occurrences, while prevalence rate includes both “old and new” and is broader in scope. Don’t get it wrong.
Phrase 3: Morbidity and mortality? Mortality?
This one is similar to the previous one and appears frequently in medical papers, but it is mostly phrased as “the mortality rate of x disease is x%”, and there is no shortage of mistakes. The simplest example is the following.
City A has an average population of 10,000 in 2013, a total of 1,000 people in the city with diabetes in 2013, and 100 deaths from diabetes in 2013.
Then the death rate of diabetes in city A in 2013 is: (100 people/1000 people)*100%= 10%. That is, the formula is: (number of deaths due to a disease in a period/number of people or animals with a disease in the same period) × 100%.
The death rate of diabetes in city A in 2013 is: (100 people/10,000 people)*100%= 1%.
That is, the formula is: (number of deaths (from a disease) in a given period / average population in the same period) * 100%.
Finally, 2 points.
1, the numerator is the same, the denominator is different. The denominator of the mortality rate should be the “average population”, not a number of points at a time and that’s it.
2. The mortality rate is generally used to reflect the severity of a disease, the probability that a person diagnosed with a disease will die, and the level of treatment for the disease.
Phrase 4: Complications? Complications?
This one is much simpler, but it is easy to “slip up” if you are not careful.
”Comorbidity” is the co-existence of two or more diseases that are not directly causally related to each other;
”Comorbidity” is the development of one disease that causes the development of another disease, and there is a causal relationship between the two.
Phrase 5: Experiment? Experiment?
These two words are used so frequently that they are simply overwhelming, but when you look at them, they are mostly used in the same way. Just pick one at random and use it? Don’t, these two words mean different things.
In fact, these two words used wrong is so understandable that I still a little “dizzy” after consulting a lot of information. The modern Chinese dictionary and the dictionary of the sea also did not give me the feeling of “a stick to knock awake”, still need to think carefully. I would like to present the following for you very briefly.
1, “experiment”, in order to test some existing theories / hypotheses and practical activities, mostly refers to scientific experiments.
2.”Experiment” is mostly used for the purpose of figuring out new theories and trying to verify new things, and its use is narrower than that of experiments.
In simple terms, “experiment” is to verify a theory or hypothesis, to observe and understand a phenomenon or result. Experiment”, on the other hand, is an innovative, exploratory, and experimental practical activity, the phenomenon and result of which are unknown in advance, and is a kind of “experimental” inquiry and “test” evidence activity.
Well, it is written here, for example, these 5 groups of words are used very very high frequency and easy to be wrong, do not use the wrong again.