Prevention of gallbladder cancer
To prevent gallbladder cancer, we should first understand how gallbladder cancer occurs. The causes of gallbladder cancer are still not well understood, but according to epidemiological statistics, it is related to the following factors: gender, age, diet, carcinogenic substances, cholecystitis, gallbladder polyps, etc.
1.Gallbladder cancer usually occurs in women over 50 years old.
2. 70%-90% of gallbladder cancer patients have gallbladder inflammation and gallstone disease in combination. This may be related to the repeated damage, repair and heterotyping of the mucosal epithelium caused by cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, which eventually leads to cancer. In addition, due to the obstruction of bile evacuation in cholelithiasis, bile stagnation and bacterial infection may transform bile acids into carcinogenic substances.
3.Oily diet can increase the chance of cholecystitis and cholelithiasis, so it also increases the possibility of gallbladder cancer.
4.In animal experiments, oral administration of carcinogenic agents such as gum nitrite to hamsters can induce gallbladder cancer.
5.Gallbladder adenoma and adenomyoma among gallbladder polyps are gallbladder cancer-related polyps, which can become cancerous.
What are the specific symptoms of gallbladder cancer?
The early symptoms of gallbladder cancer are not obvious, usually there is no symptom, no one will go to the hospital for ultrasound to check whether there is gallbladder cancer or not for no reason, so the trap of no symptom in early stage is the most important factor that gallbladder cancer is easily misdiagnosed.
The specific symptoms of gallbladder cancer are summarized as follows.
1.Gastrointestinal symptoms Most of them (90%) have indigestion, aversion to grease, belching, and reduced gastric capacity, which are due to the renewal function of gallbladder and its inability to digest fatty substances.
2.Since gallbladder cancer mostly coexists with gallbladder stones and inflammation, the nature of pain is similar to that of stone cholecystitis, starting with discomfort in the right upper abdomen, followed by persistent vague or dull pain, sometimes with paroxysmal severe pain and radiating to the right shoulder. This symptom accounts for 84%.
3, fever 25.9% of patients have fever
4.Jaundice Jaundice often appears in the late stage of the disease, accounting for 36.5%, mostly due to the invasion of cancer tissue into the bile ducts, causing malignant obstruction, accompanied by emaciation, weakness, and even cachexia, yellow staining of skin and mucous membranes, accompanied by untreatable itching of the skin.
5.Mass in the right upper abdomen A mass in the right upper abdomen or upper abdomen at the advanced stage of disease development accounts for 54.5%. One is the rapid growth of tumor blocking the bile duct, making the gallbladder enlarged; the other is the obstruction caused by invasion of duodenum, and the obstruction symptoms appear at the same time; in addition, invasion of liver, stomach, pancreas, etc., can also appear the corresponding parts of the mass.
Third, in order to make accurate diagnosis, the following tests can be done.
1, tumor markers, CEA, CA199, BIL, AKP, each respectively or simultaneously increased.
2. Color ultrasound, which shows thickening of gallbladder wall and mass protruding from the gallbladder cavity.
3, CT, papillary nodule shadow, irregular thickening of gallbladder wall, disappearance of gallbladder cavity, and obstruction of gallbladder duct were seen.
4.Ultrasound endoscopy not only shows the size of the lesion and the depth of infiltration, but also shows the enlarged lymph nodes. Of course early stage should be distinguished from gallbladder polyps.