Cancer patients overcome the disease three major concepts Cancer patients due to age, career, disease, condition of the different, psychological activities than normal people or ordinary patients have a big difference, when they learn that they suffer from cancer, most of the fear and suspicion of the mind prevails, thus showing nervousness, anxiety. Psychologically, they are afraid of suffering from cancer and fear that death will come soon. At the same time, they are worried about their loved ones and suspect that their family members and medical personnel are not telling the truth to them. Some cancer patients also have a sense of chance, thinking that their cancer may be misdiagnosed or hoping that their cancer can be completely cured at an early stage. In fact, both of these ideas stem from the fear of cancer. These unhealthy psychological states are not conducive to treatment. For cancer patients, psychological state is especially important. Therefore, it is suggested that cancer patients should first set up three major concepts: 1. Recognize that cancer is not a terminal disease and there is hope for a cure. 2. Believe that the body’s immune system has the role of anti-cancer cells. Actively accept treatment and establish confidence in modern medicine. Clinical experience shows that psychotherapy, together with drug treatment, will have better effect if cancer patients accept treatment with good psychological state. Psychological Characteristics and Nursing Care for Patients with Malignant Tumor Among various diseases, there are few that give people great mental pressure as malignant tumor. Malignant tumors not only affect a person’s normal life, but also endanger his or her family. Not only does it destroy the normal function of the organism, but it can also cause changes in body image and the patient’s role in the family, aggravating the patient’s emotional reactions such as fear, suspicion, depression, and despair. Psychotherapy is a therapeutic method that applies theories and methods of psychology to educate and treat patients psychologically by means of verbal guidance, or emotional support and encouragement, or hints and inspirations, in order to achieve the purpose of stabilizing emotions, improving symptoms, adapting to the environment, and promoting comprehensive recovery. patients with tumors in good psychological condition can optimistically deal with their life, maintain a good psychological state, and correct their bad If patients with tumor have a good psychological state, can treat life optimistically, maintain a good psychological state, correct bad habits and behaviors, and at the same time, apply psychotherapy to carry out targeted psychotherapy, set up confidence in overcoming the tumor, and positively cooperate with all kinds of treatments, they will often achieve good therapeutic effects, which can improve the clinical symptoms, enhance the quality of survival, promote the improvement of the condition, and are of great significance for the recovery of the patients with tumor. The relationship between psychological factors and the development of malignant tumors Psychological factors can cause disease, and the disease reacts to the psychological state of people Many patients with malignant tumors have had long-term abnormal emotional state, especially the history of excessive tension and excessive depression. In recent years, the proposed “C-type personality” is considered to be the malignant tumor susceptibility personality, which is manifested as cooperation, habitual self-restraint, emotional repression and introversion, defense and withdrawal. These negative emotions have an inhibitory effect on the body’s immune system, affecting the immune surveillance of tumor cells, resulting in active tumor cells, tumorigenesis and development. The malignant tumor itself, in turn, can act as a malignant stimulus, producing a serious psychological impact on the patient. Facing the threat of malignant tumors, patients have to go through a complex psychological adaptation process of understanding the disease and accepting treatment. By providing patients with information about malignancy and treatment, and by using communication skills to give patients psychological support, nurses can facilitate the process of adjusting to this stressful adaptation. Psychological changes and care in the early stages of the disease Fear is a common psychological response to malignant tumors. According to the literature, common fears in malignant tumors include: fear of the unknown of the disease, fear of loneliness, fear of pain, and fear of separation from loved ones. Fear often evokes associations and memories of past and future contrasts, thus generating negative emotions. Most patients experience a period of shock when they learn they have cancer, called “diagnostic shock”. Patients in a state of shock try to deny the diagnosis of cancer, such as suspecting that the diagnostic report is incorrect, which is a protective reaction to make themselves withstand the shock of cancer. For this reason, the patient should not be forced to give up his denial prematurely to face the reality. For the patient who has lost his mind, more understanding and care should be given and attention should be paid to protect the patient. When the patient gradually realizes that he is suffering from malignant tumor, he will fall into extreme pain, and at this time, he needs the nurse’s thoughtfulness and care more. Psychological Changes and Nursing Care in the Disease Treatment Stage Patients with malignant tumors suffer from the double mental pressure of cancer diagnosis and treatment in the treatment stage. Surgical resection is extensive, often affecting the normal function of the organism or the organ where the tumor is located, such as aphasia, amputation, artificial anus, and even loss of face. We should deeply understand the psychological changes of the patients, and assist the doctors to patiently explain the necessity of surgery to save lives and prevent tumor recurrence before surgery, and help the patients to rebuild the body functions after surgery, such as language training, fistula counseling, and compensation for the missing parts of the body, etc. We also invite the cured patients to present their experiences. Patients who have been cured are often invited to give their stories, which often has a unique effect. The side effects of radiotherapy and chemotherapy, such as nausea and vomiting, dizziness and fatigue, often aggravate patients’ anxiety. Some patients are indifferent to death, but cannot tolerate the side effects of treatment. Some patients have an unrealistic expectation of the treatment, which is also one of the reasons for increased anxiety. Therefore, before carrying out the various treatments, seriously do a good job in explaining the work, so that patients understand the role of the treatment, the brief steps, possible side effects and the need to cooperate with the matters, is a malignant tumor psychological care can not be ignored. At the end of the treatment, resuming part of the work at the right time can make the patients realize their own value and their role in the society, and thus revitalize themselves. Psychological changes and care in the late stage of the disease The fear of patients with advanced malignant tumors, can be manifested as debilitation, pain, anorexia, etc., causing great pain to patients. With the gradual decline of body functions, the patient may give up the original activities and a vicious circle is formed. If the condition permits, the patient should be encouraged to get up and move around as much as possible, and not to stay in bed too early. In this way, not only can slow down the decline of body function, but also can make the patient from self-care to enhance confidence. Patients with advanced malignant tumors will develop a sense of loneliness from society, which is manifested as the fear of being indifferent and abandoned. This sense of loneliness is tolerable during the day, but seeks the attention of the nurse at night. The patient should not be considered to be looking for trouble and show boredom and coldness, but should make more rounds, take the initiative to solve the patient’s needs, or allow family members to stay with the patient, so that the patient can feel comforted. Terminally ill patients often regress and become dependent, i.e., they regress to an earlier stage of psychological development, seeking protection like a child and relying on more care. This is a defense mechanism and the patient should be allowed to be more dependent than usual and given more care. Although terminal patients should not be made aware of the exact progression of their illness, they may also feel that their lives are coming to an end. Therefore, there is a greater need for supportive measures to relieve their pain, to ease their fear of death, and to maintain their dignity. For terminal patients, we should not give too much consideration to values. We should pay attention to the patients’ minor wishes and try our best to satisfy their physiological, psychological and social needs as far as possible, which is the best psychological support for them. When the condition deteriorates rapidly and all kinds of treatments fail, the patient will have emotional reactions of anger and despair, and even have the intention of lightening his life, so he should be more concerned and pay attention to prevent accidents. There are also some patients who like to be quiet and are willing to return home from the hospital to reunite with their families. 2, malignant tumors on the impact of the family malignant tumors are not only personal diseases, but also affect their families as the patient’s closest people, such as spouses, parents or children, often suffered more than the patient’s pain. They go through the same process of emotional response to malignant tumors as the patient. Especially the family members who are responsible for taking care of the patient, in extreme anxiety, still need to bear the heavy nursing task day and night, whenever the patient’s pain can not be solved, the patient and family members need the support and help of the nurse. Positive communication to improve the awareness of family participation Family members are the closest and most trusted people of the patient, their care, encouragement and support can make the patient’s mind get great comfort, so that they actively cooperate with the treatment received. The good mood of family members can give support and comfort to patients, while the bad mood is a vicious stimulus to patients. For patients with loneliness, family members are required to spend more time with patients to eliminate their sense of loneliness, especially as spouses, can help, supervise, observe and comfort patients, and cooperate with physicians to strengthen the psychotherapy; at the same time, the mutual understanding between couples is conducive to promoting communication and coordination between patients and other members of the family, health care personnel. For patients with paranoia, it should be prohibited to talk to each other or say suggestive language in front of the patient. A calm attitude should be used to give comfort and encouragement to the patient, so that he or she can adapt to the role of the patient faster and better cooperate with the treatment when hospitalized. To encourage family members to participate in some of the work of caring for the patient, family members and relatives and friends in visiting the patient, do not always focus on the topic of the patient’s condition, talk more about things outside the hospital, to meet the patient’s need to understand and care about society; to encourage family members to express their concern and love for the patient, so that he or she will feel the love and need for affection. Through the participation of family members, it is conducive to the recovery of the patient’s disease. 3, prevention and early detection of pathological psychology Depression is manifested as a feeling full of sadness, a resistance to the surrounding environment. Severe depression loses interest in things around him and is unable to derive pleasure from activities that used to interest him, which he feels are no longer important for the impending suffering and death. Hopelessness about the malignancy can permeate all aspects of his life, even to the point of suicidal intent. Suicide is common in severely depressed patients and should be guarded against accidents. The depressed patient either blames himself for his illness or recounts his past words and actions repeatedly, creating a sense of guilt or self-blame. The psychological changes of depression and the symptoms of the disease are intertwined and interact with each other, resulting in a marked loss of appetite and weight loss. Medical personnel should recognize this desperate psychological disorder reaction of the patient, which requires timely psychological counseling and spiritual support. Make the patient in a sympathetic atmosphere to say how they feel, and give specific help, including behavioral therapy, such as relaxation training, teach the patient to monitor their own negative emotions, establish a spirit of struggle. This needs to be combined with antidepressant medication if necessary. Anxiety is a natural response to fear and is experienced by most patients with malignant tumors during the course of their illness. When fear develops into persistent, insurmountable anxiety, counseling and treatment are needed. Anxious patients feel worried and nervous, with fear of cancer completely occupying their thoughts, and this preoccupation with experiences such as painful treatments, recurrence, and worsening of the disease disables the patient’s ability to cope. As with depression, anxiety intersects with physical symptoms, and the patient may experience excessive autonomic activity, palpitations, tremors, sweating, and dry mouth. Typical anxiety is diagnosed clinically when the patient continually states that he or she is in physical and mental distress. 4. Requirements for healthcare personnel Among healthcare personnel, confidence in the curability of malignant tumors should be established. Clinical cases with malignant tumors are commonly seen to survive, and the same can lead a normal life. Therefore, the support for patients should not be given up under any circumstances. To have a high degree of empathy and sense of responsibility, take all kinds of effective measures to control the development of the tumor, reduce the patient’s pain, and infect the patient with their own full of emotion. Strong will can enhance the patient’s tolerance to all kinds of discomforts. Careful nursing and exquisite technology can eliminate the patient’s mental pain and increase the patient’s trust and security to the medical staff, which is the foundation of good psychological care of tumor. Targeted adoption of psychological care In psychological care, we adopt different psychological care according to the different culture, understanding and quality of tumor patients. For patients with lower cultural level and poorer psychological tolerance, we adopt nursing protection measures to hide the truth of their condition, and when talking with them, we should be enthusiastic, patient and meticulous, so as to make them reduce the fear mentality mentally and help the patients set up confidence, meanwhile, we try to minimize the opportunity for patients to be informed, so as to avoid the patients’ low mood and loss of therapeutic confidence. Tentative conversation with some patients who have high knowledge cultivation and optimistic character. Knowing that they already know a little about their own condition, we communicate with them with the necessary medical and psychological knowledge. Negative emotions can further aggravate the long-existing neuroendocrine imbalance in the patient’s body, seriously affecting the hypothalamus’s neuroendocrine regulation of the body, prompting the rapid growth of tumors, and leading to the deterioration of the disease; at the same time, adverse psychological state and tensions can reduce the body’s immune function through the central nervous system, which can be manifested in the decrease of phagocytic ability of macrophages, dysfunction of thymus gland, inhibition of antibody production, self-stabilization and immune monitoring. Antibody production, self-stabilization and immunosurveillance functions are further impaired, thus the body’s anti-tumor ability is reduced and the rapid development of the tumor is promoted. At the same time of drug treatment, if it is accompanied by psychotherapy, then the treatment effect will be better. Through a series of psychological care, most of the tumor patients are able to face the reality with correct attitude and cooperate with the treatment happily and positively in the process of chemotherapy, and finally achieve relatively satisfactory therapeutic effect. 5. Experience There are many factors affecting the survival quality of tumor patients, and their psychological factors have a significant impact on the patients, because their psychological state is relatively complex, and they will produce various kinds of psychology in the process of treatment. Nursing staff should give comfort and guidance with warm attitude, kind language and good service to help the patients to relieve the pressure, face up to the disease, and enhance the confidence of overcoming the disease and cooperating with the treatment, so effective psychological care can greatly improve the quality of life of tumor patients. Therefore, effective psychological care can greatly improve the survival quality of tumor patients.