Osteoporosis is a group of bone diseases that occur in patients for a variety of reasons. Its main pathological change is an abnormality of the bone mass, which can easily produce fractures in the case of trauma. Osteoporosis also has clinical manifestations, such as the production of pain, which is mostly found in the patient’s low back, and the pain in the low back accounts for 70% to 80% of the pain in osteoporosis. The pain in the low back is reduced when sitting or lying in the supine position, and is aggravated when standing frequently or coughing violently and bending over. Osteoporosis can also lead to changes in the physical appearance of the patient, such as shortening of height and the appearance of hunchback, mostly after pain. The eleventh and twelfth vertebrae of the thoracic spine and the third vertebrae of the lumbar spine are likely to be deformed and even form a hunchback, because these areas are the most heavily loaded, and a hunchback may also lead to compression fractures of the vertebrae. Patients with osteoporosis may have difficulty breathing, chest tightness and other abnormal symptoms because of the change in the shape of the thoracic cavity, which may lead to a decrease in lung capacity and a decrease in air exchange. Patients with osteoporosis should increase exercise and take measures such as proper calcium supplementation as well as vitamin D to avoid injury.