Osteoporosis is a major health problem worldwide. About 25 million people in the United States have osteoporosis, and about 1.5 million suffer fractures each year. About 20% of hip fracture patients die within one year from pulmonary embolism and pneumonia, and the mortality rate from osteoporosis is comparable to that from breast cancer. Half of the survivors of hip fractures will be permanently incapacitated for independent living. The cost of osteoporotic fractures is currently $13 billion per year, with 2/3 of that cost attributable to hip fractures. Women have a significantly higher incidence of osteoporosis than men because the rate of bone loss is significantly faster due to the decrease in estrogen levels during menopause. Bone mineral content and bone mineral density are the indicators of bone mass. In 1994, the World Health Organization proposed the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis in white European and American women as follows: (1) Normal: BMD or BMC of the distal forearm, spine, and hip is within 1 standard deviation (SD) of the mean of normal young adults (T-score). (2) Decreased bone mass: BMD or BMC values were within 1~2・5 SD below the mean value of normal young adults. (3) Osteoporosis: BMD or BMC is 2-5 SD or less than the average value of normal young people. (4) Severe osteoporosis: BMD or BMC below the average value of 2~5 SD of normal young people and accompanied by one or more fragility fractures. Epidemiological studies have established that low BMD is an important risk factor in predicting osteoporotic fractures. Long-term longitudinal studies have confirmed that a 1 SD decrease in orthostatic BMD of the lumbar spine is associated with a 2-6-5-8 fold increase in fracture risk, while low BMD is associated with lower peak bone mass achieved during bone maturation and accelerated bone loss due to disease, aging and menopause. Low BMD is associated with accelerated bone loss due to disease, aging and menopause. For patients with osteoporosis, fractures can be caused by minor external forces or even normal daily activities. According to the reports of the incidence of osteoporosis in the elderly population in China, Professor Zhong-Hou Liu calculated that 63 million Chinese suffered from primary osteoporosis in 1992, 84 million in 1998, and in 2001, Professor Zhong-Hou Liu projected that about 88 million people suffered from primary osteoporosis in China, accounting for 6-97% of the total population, based on the data of the 2000 Chinese census. In 2006, Liu Zhonghou reported that 90.6 million people in China suffered from osteoporosis, accounting for 7.01% of the whole population. In a study on the quality of life of postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis in China, the scores of eight subhealth domains of quality of life of patients with osteoporosis were lower than those of the control group, and five of them were statistically significant in physical pain, health feelings, mental health, physical function and social function. With the aging of our population and the increase of average life expectancy, osteoporosis will become one of the diseases that seriously endanger the physical and mental health and quality of life of middle-aged and elderly people, and once a fracture occurs due to osteoporosis, it will bring a heavy burden to the society and family. Although some drugs can be used to treat osteoporosis, there is no standardized treatment for osteoporosis. Early detection of risk factors and high-risk groups for osteoporosis and early intervention to prevent the development of osteoporosis and its fracture will be of great significance. The research on osteoporosis in China started in 1986 (the national public relations project of the 7th Five-Year Plan), and it has been 21 years since then, and nearly 10,000 middle and senior doctors have been trained and created. However, the main work is still concentrated in big cities. The statistics in April 2003 showed that the difference in the number of osteoporosis diagnostic devices between China and Japan is 15 times, while the population of China is 10 times that of Japan, which means that the development of osteoporosis in China is slow. There is still a need for further in-depth research on whether the diagnostic criteria for osteoporosis should be adopted from the World Health Organization’s diagnostic criteria for white women or the new diagnostic criteria for Chinese people proposed in 1999 from the results of our own research. Also, the diagnostic significance of the results at different measurement sites needs to be standardized.