The advent of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic nasobiliary drainage and endoscopic duodenal papillotomy in the 1970s opened the door to endoscopic treatment of biliary surgery, and then in the 1980s, with the clinical application of laparoscopy in biliary surgery, the field was further minimally invasive. Nowadays, endoscopy and laparoscopy have shown unique advantages in the diagnosis and treatment of many biliary surgical diseases, and the combined application of endoscopy and laparoscopy has further expanded the scope of minimally invasive treatment of biliary surgical diseases and formed a perfect series of treatment plans for different biliary diseases. Extrahepatic bile duct stones are a common disease in biliary surgery, of which 79.9% are gallbladder stones, 6.1-4.7% are extrahepatic bile duct stones, and 9.2% are gallbladder stones combined with extrahepatic bile duct stones. The combination of endoscopic and laparoscopic treatment is applied according to the staging and characteristics of each extrahepatic bile duct stone patient, so that each patient can receive more appropriate treatment, instead of all patients undergoing surgical treatment. For patients with successful duodenoscopic bile duct extraction, they are discharged cured if they are not combined with gallbladder stones, i.e., one-scope program (simple duodenoscopic treatment); if they are combined with gallbladder stones, they are cured by combined application of laparoscopic LC, i.e., two-scope program ① (combined duodenoscopic and laparoscopic treatment). For patients with failed ENBD, laparoscopic bile duct exploration, combined application of choledochoscopy to remove the stones and leave a T-tube for drainage, i.e.: two-scope plan ② (combined laparoscopy and choledochoscopy). For patients with successful ENBD and failed duodenoscopic bile duct extraction, a combination of laparoscopic bile duct exploration, intraoperative choledochoscopic extraction of bile duct stones, bile duct lining with ENBD catheter, one-stage suturing of the bile duct, and treatment without T-tube placement, i.e.: three-scope option (combined treatment with duodenoscopy, laparoscopy, and choledochoscopy). Those with contraindications to laparoscopic and open surgery and extrahepatic bile duct stones that cannot be removed endoscopically are treated with endoscopic retrograde bile duct drainage.