Precocious puberty in children is a condition in which the development of sexual characteristics occurs before the age of 8 years in girls and 9 years in boys. Its etiology is diverse. According to whether the gonadal axis is truly activated, precocious puberty in children can be divided into two main categories: true precocious puberty and pseudo-precocious puberty. Different types have different etiologies and different principles of management. Precocious puberty is a serious threat to the physical and mental health of the affected children. If not handled properly, it can lead to a series of problems such as delayed disease, rapid increase in bone age, early menstruation and shortening of adult lifetime height. Therefore, if a child is found to have precocious puberty, he or she should be brought to the hospital as soon as possible so that the cause and type of precocious puberty can be clarified and the child can be correctly diagnosed and treated.