What are the lithogenic drugs

  Medicated gallbladder stones are a special type of gallbladder stone, and their “specialness” to the sonographer often means significant safety risks that can be defended against. On more than one occasion, I have heard of a patient who underwent surgery for gallbladder stones found by ultrasound, only to find a clean gallbladder after opening the abdomen.  As the name implies, the so-called drug-related stones refer to stones located in the gallbladder caused by certain drugs, and these lithogenic drugs are mainly the following five kinds: 1. estrogen: such as birth control pills. Estrogen can directly affect the liver and biliary function, which can reduce bile synthesis and increase cholesterol secretion, and affect the contraction of the gallbladder and the function of bile discharge, which can form gallstones.  2, ceftriaxone: reversible cholestasis occurs after ceftriaxone application, because the calcium salt of ceftriaxone metabolite that enters the bile is easily precipitated in the gallbladder, becoming “stone nuclei” and inducing cholelithiasis.  3.Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: Because their metabolites are excreted through the gallbladder, they can form crystals (i.e. stone precursors) in the bile ducts.  4.Pansentin (dipyridamole): most of this drug is excreted from the bile, long-term use of Pansentin can form insoluble substances, precipitated in the gallbladder bile, prompting the formation of gallstones.  5.Total gastrointestinal nutrition (TPN): Because of the poor function of the gastrointestinal tract and the lack of food stimulation in the gastrointestinal tract, the bile ducts are poorly constricted, resulting in bile stasis, which can occur after long-term application.  Therefore, the possibility of drug-related pseudolithiasis should be considered when gallbladder stones are found on examination. Please take the initiative to explain the drug use to the doctor during the consultation. For patients who cannot exclude drug-related pseudoliths, review them recently.