Headache is one of the most common diseases in clinical pain management, and according to statistics, everyone experiences headache at least once in their lifetime. Due to the lack of proper diagnosis and treatment, many headache patients are in extreme pain for a long time, which seriously affects their work, study and quality of life and brings serious mental and economic burdens to patients and their families, and some patients even resort to suicidal behavior to end their pain. It is noteworthy that the incidence of headache among adolescents has been on the rise in recent years, bringing adverse consequences to their learning, psychology and growth. In the past, headache was thought to be caused by the pathophysiological changes in the skull, and the treatment was mainly based on the model of “treating the head with headache”. “In 1991, Sjasstad proposed the concept of “cervicogenic headache” for the first time, believing that pathological changes inside and outside the cervical spinal canal could cause headache symptoms, which posed a great challenge to the perception, diagnosis and treatment of headache. The concept of “neurogenic headache” and “neurovascular headache” will be gradually eliminated, and the concept of cervicogenic headache is getting more and more attention. Anatomical studies have found that the 1st to 4th cervical nerves are closely related to headache, and these nerves are interconnected to form the greater occipital nerve, the lesser occipital nerve, the greater auricular nerve and the cervical plexus, which are responsible for the sensory transmission of the occipital muscles and skin. In addition, in the posterior horn of the cervical medulla, the 1-3 cervical nerves are extensively connected with the terminal fibers from the olfactory nerve, facial nerve, linguopharyngeal nerve, vagus nerve and afferent branches of the trigeminal nerve, extending the sensory range forward to the forehead and infraorbital area. Among our outpatients with headache, 70% to 80% are cervicogenic headache, and many of them have been misdiagnosed by several well-known hospitals and suffered from headache for years. The clinical manifestations are unilateral or bilateral occipital and postauricular dullness or soreness, which may spread to the forehead, temporal region, top, neck or upper extremities, and even the face, accompanied by nausea and vomiting, tinnitus, eye swelling, and altered sense of smell and taste. Physical examination may reveal significant pressure pain below the ear next to the cervical vertebrae and behind the mastoid process. There may be scattered pressure pain points on the head, and the pressure top and head rest test may be positive. CT and MRI of the neck are important for the diagnosis of cervicogenic headache. Many patients show degeneration or herniation of cervical discs, but the site and degree of degeneration and herniation are not necessarily closely related to the site and degree of pain. Cervicogenic headache is more likely to occur in people who work long hours, such as accountants, office workers, computer workers, students, etc. People who enjoy playing mahjong for a long time also have a high incidence of cervicogenic headache. Currently, the incidence of cervicogenic headache is on the rise, and many doctors do not have sufficient knowledge about cervicogenic headache. Therefore, clinicians should keep updating their knowledge and concepts, and screen carefully so as not to let cervicogenic headache endanger human health.