In many patients, the diagnosis of cerebral white matter degeneration and cerebral atrophy, which is an imaging manifestation of chronic ischemia of brain tissue, is found in the diagnostic report when head CT and head MRI are done. It is explained in two cases: 1. Physiological. Mostly seen in elderly people of advanced age and without special symptoms, because with age, the blood vessels harden and the brain tissue atrophies accordingly, this condition is mostly physiological and does not require disposal. 2. pathological manifestations. Because the patient has cerebrovascular disease, there is atherosclerosis in the cerebral vessels or there is severe stenosis, its also affects the blood supply to the brain, over time there will also be brain atrophy, and even the occurrence of cerebrovascular disease, such as cerebral infarction. Therefore, it is important to differentiate between cerebral white matter degeneration and cerebral atrophy, and if it is physiological, there is no need to dispose of it. If it is pathological, you should continue to improve the examination and give appropriate treatment.