In recent decades, with the development of social economy and the improvement of people’s living standard, the age of puberty development starts earlier and earlier. The development of puberty (secondary sexual characteristics) in girls before the age of 8 and in boys before the age of 9 is called precocious puberty. A. Symptoms of precocious puberty Symptoms of precocious puberty in girls are breast enlargement with hard nodes, areola enlargement, pigmentation, pubic hair and axillary hair. Boys show the enlargement of penis and testicles, axillary hair, pubic hair, throat nodes, and thickening of voice. In addition, some children only have early development of breast or pubic hair, but no other sex characteristics of abnormalities is called simple premature development of breast or simple premature development of pubic hair, also known as pubertal development variation. The causes of precocious sexual maturity are many and complex, mainly including two factors, on the one hand, external factors such as diet and living environment, and on the other hand, internal factors of their own. The influence of diet and living environment on sexual development, first of all, is due to the rapid economic development in the past 10 years or so, people’s material living standards have improved greatly, protein intake increased, and even over-nutrition and obese children. And excess nutrition helps sexual development, and some studies have confirmed that moderately obese children are prone to precocious sexual maturity. Secondly, some foods, health care products and fruits may contain sex hormones or hormone-like substances, i.e. environmental hormones, and children who often use these hormone-containing foods are prone to precocious puberty. Once again, while the material living standard is improved, the spiritual and cultural life is also quite rich, and the realistic environment makes children have more opportunities to witness scenes, pictures and books about love, which also has a facilitating effect on sexual development. There are also a small number of children with precocious sexual development due to misuse of contraceptive pills. This is because parents fail to keep the pill safe and young children mistakenly eat the pill as sugar, which is composed of sex hormones, leading to precocious sexual development. Children themselves are caused by diseases that are located in three main areas: intracranial, adrenal and gonadal (testes and ovaries). Intracranial diseases that cause precocious puberty are tumors, brain abscesses, encephalitis, hydrocephalus, traumatic brain injury, intracranial surgery, intracranial radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Adrenal gland diseases that cause precocious puberty include adrenal tumor and congenital adrenal cortical hyperplasia. Diseases of the testes that cause precocious puberty include testicular mesenchymal cell tumor and familial testicular toxicosis. Diseases of the ovaries that cause precocious puberty include ovarian tumors and ovarian cysts. In addition, some other diseases such as liver tumor and hypothyroidism can also cause precocious puberty, but it is less common. Some drugs such as some antineoplastic drugs, isoniazid, ketoconazole and sex hormones can also cause precocious puberty. Although the causes of precocious puberty are many and complex, it can be prevented for some of them. First of all, for dietary factors, we should diversify, avoid eating single food, try not to use health care products or supplements, keep balanced nutrition and avoid obesity. Obese children should control their diet and exercise more to reduce their weight. For environmental factors, at present, while advocating early sex education to let children and adolescents understand sexual development, children should try to watch less TV programs or books with more depictions of lovemaking. Parents should keep birth control pills out of the reach of children. For the prevention of precocious puberty secondary to diseases or drugs, the main thing is to pay attention to the early development of sexual characteristics when suffering from these diseases or using the above-mentioned drugs, so that early detection and early treatment are possible. As precocious puberty is often the first symptom of certain diseases, when precocious puberty is found, you should go to a hospital for examination, to clarify the cause and to treat it in time so as not to delay the condition. If you find that your child has precocious puberty, you should first take your child to a pediatric endocrinology and genetic metabolic disease clinic for a clear diagnosis after examination by a doctor, and then carry out targeted treatment, not blindly. In general, pseudo-precocious puberty (such as simple breast development) can be treated with Chinese medicine, but if it is true precocious puberty, it needs western medicine or a combination of Chinese and western medicine.