(A) The origin and development of depression The name of “depression” is not recorded in Chinese medical literature, and Chinese medicine classifies contemporary diseases such as “depression” as a disease of emotional illnesses such as depression. “Emotional diseases” is a large category of diseases related to psychological factors, including psychiatric, neurological and physical diseases in Western medicine, such as lily, dirty mania, plum kernel gas, epilepsy, asthma, gastric ulcer, etc. Li Shu, Department of Psychological Counseling, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Depression originated in the pre-Qin dynasty, developed in the Han and Tang dynasties, and matured in the Jin and Yuan dynasties. Depression is divided into the broad sense of depression and the narrow sense of depression. The former was first recorded in Su Wen – Six Elements of Zheng Ji Da Lun: “Wood yu da zhi, fire yu fa zhi, earth yu seize zhi, gold yu drain zhi, water yu fold zhi”, known as “five yu”, which is the yu in the broad sense and the yu in the second heaven. In this period, yu has not yet become an independent disease name. In the Eastern Han Dynasty, Zhang Zhongjing’s “Essentials of the Golden Mean” recorded lily, dirty mania, plum kernel gas and other female prone diseases, all of which have similarities with the main clinical manifestations of depression. Chen Wuzhe of the Song Dynasty first proposed the theory of depression caused by emotions, believing that the seven emotions, i.e., joy, anger, worry, thought, grief, fear and fright, can lead to illness. Under the sudden, strong or long-term stimulation of the emotions, the Qi and blood functions of the internal organs are disturbed, and the seven emotions become disease-causing factors, called the seven internal emotions. Emotional factors can not only directly lead to the occurrence of a variety of diseases, but also plays an important role in the regression of all diseases. During the Jin-Yuan period, there was a great development in the theory of emotional and moral pathogenesis of yu diseases. Zhu Danxi clearly put forward the six yu disease evidence, “Danxi Xinfa – six yu” pointed out that “qi and blood rushing and, all diseases are not born, a fries and depression, all diseases are born. Therefore, all illnesses in the person are born in depression.” The six depressions are qi depression, damp depression, heat depression, phlegm depression, blood depression, and food depression. The first use of yu as a name for a disease is found in Yu Tuan’s Medical Zhengzhuan. According to Zhang Jinyue, the five elements of depression and the depression of emotion and will in the Neijing are two different concepts, and Jing Yue Quanshu (The Complete Works of Jing Yue) says, “Where the depression of the five gases is present, all diseases are present, and this is due to disease and depression. As for the depression of emotion and will, it is always from the heart, this is because of the depression and disease.” In the Classics, Zhang Jingyue divided the depression of the emotions into three types: anger, thought, and sadness. The ancient and modern medical unification of the whole book – depression evidence door” recorded: “depression for the seven emotions do not ease, so become depressed, both depressed for a long time, change the disease many ends” (2) the etiology of depression and treatment After generations of medical doctors continue to explore and develop, the theory of the etiology of depression and its treatment has gradually become a system. 1. The five elements of depression in Nei Jing are not the depression of emotion and will, but the dysfunction of the internal organs due to various pathological factors such as irregularities in the five movements and external evil attacks, resulting in the stagnation of the body’s qi, blood and fluids, the so-called depression due to disease (siltation and stasis), at this time the “depression” itself should be the pathogenesis of systemic diseases, that is, the depression in a broad sense. The intention is to emphasize the movement changes, but on this basis can produce psychological and spiritual evidence of disease. 2. In the “Essentials of the Golden Horoscope”, three common diseases in women are mentioned: lily, dirty restlessness and plum kernel qi. In the book of “The Essentials of the Golden Horoscope – Miscellaneous Diseases of Women with Pulse Evidence and Treatment”, it is said: “If a woman has sizzling skin in her throat, Han Xia Hou Pao Tang is used.”; “If a woman has dirty agitation and likes to cry with sadness, as if it is made by a god, and the number is not stretched, Gan Mai Da Zao Tang is used. Jin Kui Yao Yao – lily fox confusion yin and yang poison pulse evidence and treatment”, “…… intention to eat and can not eat, often silent, want to lie down can not lie down, want to walk can not walk, want to eat and drink, or have beautiful time, or have not heard the smell of food, such as cold without cold, such as hot without heat, lily Dihuang Tang is the main”,. The main symptoms of the three diseases are mental, physical, dietary, sleep, behavioral, speech and sensory disorders, all of which correspond to the clinical symptoms of modern depression, and the corresponding treatment prescriptions were proposed, which have been clinically proven to be effective and have been used to this day. 3. Zhu Danxi proposed that the development and evolution of the depression evidence mostly starts from qi depression, which then involves and produces the other five depressions. Therefore, qi, blood, phlegm, fire, dampness and food can be affected individually or because of each other, which is elaborated as “qi stagnation and dampness, dampness stagnation and heat, heat stagnation and phlegm, phlegm stagnation and blood failure, blood stagnation and food failure”, resulting in dampness, heat, phlegm, blood and food stagnation. Gas depression, chest and hypochondriac pain, sunken pulse; heat depression, stuffy vision, urine red, sunken pulse; blood depression, weakness of the limbs, can eat red, sunken pulse; food depression, belching acid, abdominal fullness can not be eaten, and the person Ying pulse is calm, the inch mouth pulse tight Sheng. Obviously the six depressions described by Zhu may include the somatization symptoms described in contemporary times. 4, the Ming dynasty doctor Zhang Jingyue that the depression of emotion is divided into anger, thought, worry three depression, “anger depression, the party of its great anger gas rebellion, then the real evil in the liver; if the thought of depression, it is only the open woman resentful, and the lamp window distress, the accumulation of suspicion of grievances are all of them; melancholy disease is all the big deficiency, there is no evil real, this is more to the tiredness of food and clothing, profit and harm, and sadness and fear and depression, the total are subject to depression and so on. ” Treatment methods therefore vary. For anger and depression, the treatment is Da Ying Decoction and Guei Spleen Pill; for thought and depression, the treatment is Shou Spleen Decoction or Seven Blessings Drink; for melancholy, the treatment is Six Gentlemen’s Soup and Five Blessings Drink, etc. 5, Ming dynasty Sun Yikui proposed that the disease of five depression for the five organs of the depression, “the five organs of a disharmony is depressed.” “wood depression, liver depression,” “fire depression, heart depression,” “earth depression, spleen depression,” “gold depression, lung depression “, “water depression, kidney depression also” that the five depressions are either transmitted from other organs, or the organs are self-inflicted. 6. Modern medical doctors emphasize more prominently that various adverse mental stimuli are the cause of depression, and liver qi stagnation is its basic pathogenesis. Zhao Jiaping, You Yaxian
According to Zhao Jiaping, You Yaxian, Wang Yanheng, and Li Invention, depression is a kind of disease caused by unrestrained emotions and qi stagnation, and internal injury to the seven emotions is an important pathogenic factor. 7. Regarding the cognitive, volitional, behavioral and other advanced mental symptoms of depression, Huang Yuedong discussed from “Shen” that depression, with its inability to experience and express emotions, is a manifestation of abnormalities in the higher integrative functions of the brain, and should be a manifestation of the malfunction of the brain’s main Shen-ming function. It is believed that the pathogenesis of depression is: “the five senses and seven orifices are depressed, the brain and the spirit are suppressed, the spirit is not transported, and the emotions are not smooth. 8. The change of “heavy in the morning and light in the evening” of depression and the characteristics of laziness, dullness, worry, concern, and change of “Shen Yu” are also difficult to be explained by liver qi depression. Professor Ding Yuanqing believes that Yang depression is a feature of the pathogenesis of depression, and that the lack of vitality is a basic feature of the complex clinical manifestations of depression.