Rat poison is a poison for the purpose of destroying rats. Rats, also known as “rats”, is not only to vegetables, fruit trees and crops to reach a certain level of harm, but also infect a variety of diseases, is the natural host of plague, pseudotuberculosis, rabies, encephalitis, brucellosis, leptospirosis and xanthomycosis and other 10 kinds of epidemic diseases, should be carefully prevented. 1, chronic drugs: the current use of drugs to exterminate rats can be selected from the chronic a ding rodenticide, containing: the sodium salt of the rat, kill the rat ether, bromadiolone, dalong, bromadiolone. 2, acute drugs: in agricultural land can be used Ganflu and botulinum toxin. 3, prohibited drugs: 1081 (fluoroacetamide), 1080 (fluoroacetamide), 424 (poisonous rodent, no rodent life), poisonous rodent silica. 4, acute and chronic drugs used alternately: since the 1980s, China uses the first generation of anticoagulant safe and effective, now the second generation of anticoagulant rodenticide bromadiolone, Dailong good palatability, save bait grain, can be used as a replacement species. 5, sodium salt poison bait for rats: with sodium salt poison bait for rats indoor concentration mastered at 0.025%, 0.05% in the field, the effect can reach more than 90%, the concentration of 1%-5% lost the advantages of anti-coagulant, extermination effect is not good. Caution 1, many types of poisons, but due to the intense toxicity, use with care. 2, local “rat poison” alias. (Note: Try to place in the children, pets can not reach the place) 3, with the sodium salt bait at 0.025%, 0.05% in the field, the effect can be more than 90%, the concentration of 1%-5% lost the advantages of anti-coagulation, the extermination effect is not good. 4, do not use unregistered highly toxic, fake, inferior rat poison, in order to avoid the consequences. Poisoning everyone’s rodent because everyone’s rodent suspicious, so before putting in the poisonous bait, it is best to put the former bait, 6-7 days before putting the poisonous bait. Indoor dosage of about 50-100g per room, using saturated baiting method, outdoor 1500-3750g per hectare, using blockade belt type, one-time baiting technology. 5.Advocate the use of Clostridium botulinum toxin to exterminate rats. Symptoms and treatment I. Warfarin poisoning (double coumarin) poisoning: such as rodenticide ketone, rodent enemy. 1, symptoms: anticoagulant rodenticides, the most common, leading to chronic poisoning. Bleeding is the most characteristic, but there is often an incubation period of 2-5 days before the appearance of this symptom, mainly manifested as extreme mental depression, increased body temperature, loss of appetite, anemia, weakness, internal and external bleeding, external bleeding manifested as nosebleeds, vomiting blood, hematuria, bloody stools or black feces. Internal bleeding occurs in the chest and abdominal cavity due to respiratory distress; when it occurs in the brain and spine, neurological symptoms appear; when it occurs in the joints, lameness appears, also visible intra-articular cavity bleeding, subcutaneous and submucosal bleeding, subcutaneous bleeding can cause dermatitis and skin necrosis, in severe cases, bleeding from the nostrils, rectum and other natural holes, poisoning in large amounts, can appear in the stomach typical bleeding symptoms and death. Chronic poisoning can manifest as anemia, edema, heart failure, and spasm and paralysis at the end. Jaundice may appear when the disease is long. 2, treatment: early emetic, acute poisoning blood supplementation, supplemental vitamin k; for subacute poisoning, subcutaneous injection of vitamin k until the clotting time is normal, then change to oral vitamin k1, 15-30 mg, twice a day for 4-6 days. Severe cases require transfusion of fresh whole blood 10-20 ml/kg body weight, the first half should be fast and the second half 20 drops/min. Warfarin, mouse enemy poisoning sometimes need a month, the application of barbiturate sedation or mild anesthesia to assist treatment. 3. Note: For insurance purposes, whenever such poisoning is suspected, all should immediately take vitamin k1 orally. II. Pesticide poisoning by organophosphorus compounds: such as trichlorfon, lego, dichlorvos, trithion, malathion, etc. 1. Symptoms: Initially excited and restless, muscle spasms, light tremors, heavy convulsions, when the limb muscle clonus, the sick dog frequently step, when lying horizontally, then do swimming action. Pupils are narrowed and become linear in severe cases. There is profuse salivation, lacrimation, abdominal pain, high intestinal sounds, constant dilute water, and even fecal incontinence. In the late stage of severe disease, intestinal sounds are diminished or even disappear. The whole body is dripping with sweat, especially severe around the chest, perineum and scrotum. The body temperature rises, breathing is obviously difficult, the heartbeat is rapid, the pulse is weak, the conjunctiva is cyanotic, and finally death is due to asphyxiation. When the amount of poisoning is relatively light, it may pull blood after 12-24 hours. 2. Treatment: Atropine sulfate is slowly injected intravenously at a dosage of 0.05 mg/kg body weight. After an interval of 6 hours, subcutaneously or intramuscularly inject atropine sulfate at a dosage of 0.15 mg/kg body weight. When the dog has a dry mouth, dilated pupils, steady breathing and rapid heartbeat, the drug can be stopped. For severe cases, it is best to use atropine in combination with iodine dephosphoridine and chlorophosphoridine. Iodine dephosphoridine (Pym) and chlorophosphoridine (Chlorophosphoridine) are cholinesterase resuscitators, but they have poor efficacy in the above-mentioned pesticide poisoning and must be used simultaneously with atropine. The dosage of iodine dephosphoridine is 20 mg/kg body weight per dose, intravenous injection, and repeated once in 12 hours if necessary. The dosage of clothianidin is 20 mg/kg body weight per dose. Diflucan crosses the blood-brain barrier and acts like atropine at a dosage of 15-30 mg/kg bw per dose. However, individual dogs are allergic to iodine and chlorophosphamide, and care should be taken. In addition, Benadryl is also available, 1-4mg/kg, orally, 3 times a day, mainly for cases with muscle spasms and tremors. Third, organic fluorine poisoning 1, symptoms: dogs drink water contaminated with organic fluorine compounds, or eat rats poisoned by fluoroacetamide, causing central nervous excitement. Restlessness, vomiting, respiratory distress, heart rate disorders, increased number of bowel movements, frantic running and barking, paroxysmal or tonic muscle spasms, foaming at the mouth, and finally manifesting coma and panting, and dying in convulsions due to respiratory depression and heart failure. 2. Treatment: Acetamide (desflurane) can prolong the incubation period of poisoning and reduce the onset of symptoms. The dosage is 0.1 mg/kg body weight each time. The first dosage is half of the whole day amount, and the remaining half is divided into 4 parts and injected every 2 hours. Be sure to administer the drug early and the dose must be sufficient. If used with chlorpromazine and barbiturate sedatives, it can reduce the excitability of the central nervous system. It can be combined with emetic and gastric lavage, and allow the sick dog to eat raw egg whites to protect the mucosa of the digestive tract. Intravenous injection of 5-10 ml of calcium gluconate is also beneficial. Symptoms: Accidental ingestion of this white, odorless crystalline powder causes increased permeability of the pulmonary capillaries, and a large amount of plasma enters the lung tissue, resulting in pulmonary edema. The sick dog vomits, foams at the mouth, followed by diarrhea, coughing, breathing difficulties, depression, cyanosis of mucous membranes, and frothy, bloody mucus coming out of the nostrils. Due to respiratory distress dogs mostly take a sitting position, weak pulse rate, low temperature, and after 12 hours, may die due to lack of oxygen. There is no special antidote for this drug, available vomiting, gastric lavage, diarrhea, rehydration, diuretic methods. V. Chlorinated hydrocarbon pesticide poisoning, such as diethylstilbestrol, six-six-six, TDE, chlordane endosulfan and other pesticides 1, symptoms: extreme excitement, mania, head and neck first tremor, and then spread to the whole body, more than salivation, do not eat or less food, diarrhea. In severe cases, the mucous membranes are red, restlessness, paroxysmal generalized spasms from time to time, and white foam in the corners of the mouth. If the poison is taken in by mouth, vomiting and elevated body temperature may occur, and once it falls to the ground, the limbs are scratched in a disorderly manner, showing keratoconus, which is the point of difference from other poisonings. 2. Treatment: Washing method and gastric lavage can be used, followed by diarrhea with salt laxatives. The administration of sedative can treat the overexcitement of the dog symptomatically. As the dog is dehydrated and does not eat, intravenous fluids should be given. Those poisoned through the skin should be washed locally with plenty of warm soapy water, and those poisoned through the mouth should be instilled with activated charcoal and artificial salt. Do not induce vomiting! It can lead to muscle spasms. Control overexcitation, commonly used are diazepam and pentobarbital, but if there is no convulsions, pentobarbital must not be applied, only diazepam can be applied. Sixth, zinc phosphide rodenticide poisoning, gray powder commonly used rodenticide 1, symptoms: symptoms usually appear within 15 minutes to 4 hours, causing abdominal pain, inappetence, vomiting, coma drowsiness, asphyxiation, diarrhea, blood in stool. Vomit contains black blood, phosphorescence visible in the dark, and the smell of acetylene. Dyskinesia, barking, elevated body temperature and acidosis, and finally limb struggle and sensory hypersensitivity until muscle spasm, leading to death due to hypoxia. 2, treatment: can instill 0.2%-0.5% copper sulfate solution 10-30 ml to induce vomiting. Gastric lavage can be used 0.02% potassium permanganate solution, followed by 15 grams of sodium sulfate to induce diarrhea. Intravenous hypertonic glucose solution is used to preserve the liver. Gastric lavage with 5% sodium bicarbonate and oral administration of 5% sodium bicarbonate can also be applied in the early stage to increase the gastric acid-base value and prevent the release of zinc phosphide. 24-hour fasting can be used to reduce gastric acid secretion. Seven, carbamate poisoning, such as carbofuran, methomyl, carbaryl, furadantin, co-infection, mixed carbaryl, etc. 1, symptoms: similar to organophosphorus poisoning, but its duration is shorter. 2. Treatment: basically the same as organophosphorus treatment, atropine sulfate should be injected as soon as possible, and the drug can be repeated if necessary. 8. arsenical (i.e. arsenic) poisoning 1. symptoms: severe abdominal pain, muscle tremors, salivation, vomiting, stumbling, diarrhea, thirst, hind limb paralysis, swelling of the oral mucosa, gums turning dark black, and in severe cases, ulceration and loss of the oral mucosa can be seen. Individual dogs are excited, twitching, sweating, chilling at the end of the body, and some parts of the muscles are paralyzed. Male dogs can see the penis prolapse. 2, treatment: commonly used 10% of dithiopropanol 1-2 ml, 1-2 hours interval intramuscular injection once, even 3-4 times. It can also be injected intravenously with 50-80ml of 5% sodium thiosulfate solution. 9. Food poisoning 1. Symptoms: Bacteria in spoiled food, such as staphylococcus, salmonella, clostridium botulinum, etc., cause severe vomiting, abdominal pain, dysentery and acute gastroenteritis symptoms. Sick dogs are depressed, have heart failure, and normal or slightly lowered body temperature. When the poisoning is serious, it can cause convulsions, restlessness, respiratory distress and severe convulsions. 2.Treatment: In case of poisoning by eating rotten fish, the incubation period does not exceed 2 hours. The dog suddenly vomits, has dysentery, has difficulty in breathing, has a lot of nasal discharge, has dilated pupils, is ataxic, may be comatose, has hindquarters paralysis, is weak, has hematuria, has black feces, and can be given intravenous or subcutaneous glucose, vitamin C, internal benadryl, and intramuscular or subcutaneous penicillin. For staphylococcal poisoning, the emetic apomorphine can be injected intravenously at 0.04 mg/kg body weight initially. If necessary, gastric lavage, rehydration and symptomatic treatment. Simultaneous starvation therapy, stop feeding. For poisoning caused by Clostridium botulinum toxin, antitoxin serum should be injected intravenously or intramuscularly immediately, stomach lavage with 0.01% potassium permanganate solution, laxatives or enemas, intravenous fluids, and intramuscular penicillin injection. Ten, phenol poisoning, widely used in public health disinfection, common are carbolic acid, lysol, guaiacol, xylene 1, symptoms: damage to the nervous system, contact with the skin redness, with exudation. Causes mental discomfort, vomiting, tonic spasms, paralysis. 2.Treatment: In case of poisoning by skin contact with phenol preparations, wash the local skin with water, then rinse with 10% ethanol, and dress the affected area with oil-impregnated dressing. In case of poisoning by accidental ingestion of phenolic preparations, stomach can be lavaged, milk, egg green or activated charcoal can be given orally, diuretics can be given intravenously, and isoprenaline can be injected intramuscularly. XI. Strychnine poisoning, usually dyed red, purple, green when used as rodenticide 1. Symptoms: Appears within 10 minutes to 1 hour of ingestion, earliest as fear, sensory hypersensitivity, muscle stiffness, abdominal, and neck muscle rigidity. The most obvious fear of light, sound, touch and other stimuli when present, there can be strong seizure-like seizures, similar to tetanus, no trauma to the body surface, the degree of spasticity increased when the hands hit the palm. 2. Treatment: When there is no spasm and sensory hypersensitivity, you can induce vomiting, gastric lavage, sedation, tracheal intubation with oxygen, and artificial respiration if necessary. XII. Cholestrol poisoning, granular poisonous bait 1. Symptoms: Symptoms appear within 24 hours after ingestion, vomiting, anorexia, polyuria, irritability, hypercalcemia. 2. Measures: vomit as soon as possible after ingestion and instill 1g/ml of activated carbon, thereafter apply sodium sulfate to treat high blood calcium, and continuously test blood calcium for 24, 48 and 96 hours after ingestion of the poison. Within a week after poisoning, avoid direct sunlight and feed low-calcium dog food. Thirteen, arsenic metribuzin poisoning, the trade name of mirex superior, for powder 1, symptoms: vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle tremors, general weakness, followed by diabetes and blindness, 12-24 hours coma, respiratory and cardiac failure. 2, measures: early emetic, gastric lavage, nikethamide 500-1000 mg intramuscularly, thereafter 200-300 mg intramuscularly every 4 hours for 48 hours, 3 times daily oral nikethamide, 200 mg for 2 weeks. After surviving, urine test should be done frequently to detect diabetes early.