This is because the gallbladder and the gastroduodenum are closely adjacent to each other, and the innervation and blood supply of the gallbladder are from the same trunk as the nerves and blood vessels of the stomach and duodenum, and the common bile duct also opens into the duodenum. A variety of complications may occur in the process of gallstones and their displacement in the gallbladder, which are commonly divided into two categories, namely, complications of the gallbladder itself and those outside the gallbladder. I. Complications of the gallbladder itself Chronic cholecystitis caused by gallbladder stone disease is a common complication. In addition. Gallbladder stones embedded gallbladder neck or gallbladder duct complicating acute cholecystitis, gallbladder jaundice, gallbladder perforation, biliary peritonitis is also not uncommon; gallbladder stones cause gallbladder inflammatory polyps; gallbladder stones can cause atrophic cholecystitis, long-term inflammation stimulates gallbladder wall fibrosis, scar-like changes gallbladder volume reduction, cystic wall thickening and surrounding organs fibrous adhesion; gallbladder stones can cause ceramic gallbladder (pre-cancerous lesions Gallbladder stones are an important factor to induce gallbladder cancer. Second, complications other than gallbladder include acute pancreatitis complicated by gallbladder stones (small stones) in the process of stone removal, and in severe cases, acute necrotizing pancreatitis and life-threatening; gallbladder stones fall into the common bile duct (secondary choledocholithiasis), which in severe cases can cause obstructive jaundice, purulent cholangitis, multiple liver abscesses and life-threatening; recurrent inflammation of stone gallbladder inflammation, through vagal bile ducts, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels to The inflammation spreads to the liver tissue around the gallbladder, causing inflammation and, in severe cases, liver abscess and liver function impairment; gallbladder stones cause severe inflammation and necrosis of the gallbladder wall, and adhesion to the intestine leads to perforation of the intestinal wall, forming a pathological channel between the gallbladder and the intestine – intestinal biliary fistula. The fistulas are common: gallbladder and duodenal fistula; gallbladder and stomach fistula or small intestine and colon fistula; large stones are discharged into the intestine through the fistula, blocking the end of ileum and causing mechanical intestinal obstruction; gallbladder stones can cause biliary-heart syndrome, and most patients have improved symptoms of coronary ischemia and angina after removal of gallbladder; electrocardiogram also improved significantly.