Most of the tuberculous pleural effusions are caused by tuberculous pleurisy (a kind of extrapulmonary tuberculosis), and the pleural effusions are formed by excessive exudation of tuberculous pleurisy. According to statistics, the average age of onset of tuberculous pleurisy is about 28 years old, while the average age of onset of pulmonary tuberculosis (parenchymal tuberculosis) is about 50 years old. The common symptoms are pleuritic pain (intermittent chest pain caused by the friction between two layers of pleura in the local dirty wall due to breathing movement, tuberculous pleural effusion often does not have this type of chest pain due to the lubricating effect of fluid), cough, fever, etc. 2.Cancerous pleural effusion, also known as malignant pleural effusion, malignant pleural fluid, is a common and difficult to control complication of tumor, and is a sign of advanced disease. Clinically, once malignant pleural effusion appears, it means that the disease has reached advanced stage and the quality of life of patients will be significantly reduced and the median survival time will not exceed 3 months. Therefore, the aim of treatment is mainly to effectively control the growth of effusion, relieve respiratory distress, improve the patient’s quality of life treatment and prolong the survival period.