1.The patient needs to choose the healthy side position according to the requirement, that is, the diseased chest cavity is located above and the healthy chest cavity is located below in the lateral position; 2.Select a suitable incision, usually in the 4th-8th intercostal space of the affected chest wall, commonly 6-7th intercostal space; 3.The doctor gives local anesthesia of 2% lidocaine at the puncture point, if the patient has obvious pain, he/she should report to the doctor in time, and can give pethidine or other anesthetic drugs to strengthen The patient needs to cooperate with the doctor for cardiac, blood pressure, and oxygen saturation monitoring to maintain good voluntary breathing; 5. The doctor makes an incision of about 9 mm at the puncture site and separates the subcutaneous tissue into the chest cavity; 6. The doctor extends the examining scope into the chest cavity; 7. The doctor observes the lesion site while performing operations such as pleural fluid aspiration, biopsy, and drug therapy; 8. The doctor sutures the wound and places a closed drain at the thoracoscopic incision The closed drainage tube is left in place. Patients who are not under general anesthesia should cooperate to maintain the healthy side position to facilitate the operation of the doctor.