Chemotherapy is the most basic, primary, and even the only treatment for acute leukemia. After a diagnosis of acute leukemia, the first priority is to start combination chemotherapy as soon as possible, based on active supportive therapy. The first chemotherapy regimen, called induction chemotherapy, is to rapidly kill as many leukemia cells in the body as possible so that the number of leukemia cells is as small as possible, and if complete remission is not achieved, a second induction chemotherapy is required. Further chemotherapy after a complete remission is achieved is called intensive therapy. It is now mostly advocated that early intensive therapy should be given, and that hematopoietic stem cell transplantation should usually be considered after about 4-6 intensive treatments. If you are not in a position to receive a HSCT, you can take consolidation chemotherapy, generally about once a month in the first year, once every two months in the second year, and once every three months in the third year. However, most patients with acute leukemia relapse within 1-2 years after diagnosis. The percentage of relapses followed by rechemotherapy to achieve complete remission is low. Less than 20% of patients with acute leukemia are completely cured by chemotherapy alone. However, not all acute leukemias have a poor prognosis. Acute leukemias with relatively good treatment outcomes include acute myeloid leukemia M2 with t(8;21) and acute myeloid leukemia M3 with t(15;17). Therefore, the treatment effect and prognosis of acute leukemia vary significantly depending on the subtype, but regardless of the prognosis, there is always hope for a cure as long as doctors and patients work together and treat actively.