Due to the improvement of living standards, gallbladder stones have become a common disease. There are many people whose gallbladder stones are found during physical examination and usually do not have abdominal pain and other symptoms, so in what cases do gallbladder stones need surgical treatment? At present, the indications of surgery for gallbladder stones by domestic and foreign scientists are basically clear: I. Patients with gallbladder stones caused by abdominal pain and other discomfort symptoms of cholecystitis are in need of surgery. Second, for patients without abdominal pain and other discomfort, that is, the so-called quiescent gallbladder stones, it is recommended to observe and do 1 ultrasound review in half a year, and generally do not recommend surgical treatment. However, surgery is also recommended for those who have one of the following conditions: 1) large gallbladder stones with a diameter of more than 2 cm; 2) gallbladder filled with stones and non-functional gallbladder; 3) gallbladder stones, complicated by uneven thickening of the gallbladder wall, polyps, or masses, or porcelainization (calcification) of the gallbladder wall; 4) patients with chronic diseases such as diabetes, surgery is also recommended when the condition is stable and not very old. The surgical methods for gallbladder stones are as follows: a. Cesarean cholecystectomy This is a traditional, classical surgical method, which has been performed for more than 100 years since the first cholecystectomy was performed by a German physician in 1882, and is suitable for most patients who can tolerate surgery and have no contraindications to surgery. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy Since the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was performed by a French physician in 1987, it is now considered to be the standard surgical procedure because of its minimal trauma and rapid recovery. However, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is generally not performed for those with one of the following conditions: 1) history of upper abdominal surgery, serious abdominal adhesions and inability to establish a pneumoperitoneum; 2) atrophy of the gallbladder; 3) serious inflammation and gangrene of the gallbladder and wall thickness of the gallbladder more than 5 mm. If the intraoperative adhesions around the gallbladder are serious and difficult to be dissected, the operation should be transferred to dissection. C. Cesarean cholecystostomy For those with severe gallbladder wall congestion and edema, very thick gallbladder wall, or gangrene, and poor general condition of the patient who cannot tolerate prolonged surgery, sometimes in order to save lives first, that is, to remove gallbladder stones and perform cholecystostomy and drainage, that is, the so-called cesarean cholecystostomy, which is rarely used now. Percutaneous hepatic puncture and gallbladder drainage For those who have severe inflammation of gallbladder, ineffective conservative treatment such as anti-inflammation and rehydration for 3 days, still have abdominal pain and fever, thick gallbladder wall, difficult to operate, or those who cannot tolerate surgery because of the patient’s advanced age and poor general condition, this method can be chosen to save life and relieve inflammation. Puncture and drainage under ultrasound or CT guidance is very traumatic. This method is also more commonly used now. V. Laparoscopic biliary surgery, which is a minimally invasive laparoscopic method to remove gallbladder stones and preserve the gallbladder, is a simple procedure and has been carried out in some hospitals in recent years, and is welcomed by patients. The main reason is that it does not remove the gallbladder, which is a hotbed of gallstone development. It is mainly suitable for patients with good gallbladder function, low inflammation of the gallbladder wall, and no gallbladder polyps or mass lesions. As for drug lithotripsy, lithotripsy and shock wave lithotripsy, they are not recommended at present due to the physiological anatomy of the biliary tract. Gallbladder stones that enter the bile duct after lithotripsy are likely to cause serious complications such as cholangitis and pancreatitis, which is not the same as urinary stones.