The incidence of multiple myeloma is relatively low, accounting for less than approximately 1% of all malignancies and about 10% of all hematologic tumors, and is the second most common malignancy of the hematologic system in many countries. Multiple myeloma is a malignant proliferative disease of monoclonal plasma cells and is the most common type of plasma cell tumor. Myeloma cells mainly proliferate malignantly in the bone marrow and infiltrate bones and soft tissues, and secrete large amounts of monoclonal proteins, while normal immunoglobulins are reduced, resulting in multiple bone destruction, pathological fractures, bone pain, anemia, bleeding, and clinical manifestations such as hypercalcemia, renal impairment, and hyperviscosity.