With the gradual increase of cancer prevention awareness, more and more women understand the need for screening for early detection and treatment of cancer. As one of the most common cancers among female malignant tumors, the screening methods of cervical cancer, namely TCT and HPV testing, are gradually being understood by women, but many of them may not understand how to conduct the screening properly. First of all, let me introduce the meaning of TCT and HPV testing. Cervical cancer is by far the only cancer of all cancers whose cause is known. This killer is HPV, or human papillomavirus, especially persistent infection with high-risk HPV, and common high-risk HPV types include 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, etc. Women have a high chance to be infected with HPV in their lifetime, but most of them are transient infections that will be cleared by their own immunity, so not all people infected with HPV will get cervical cancer. However, if there is persistent infection with high-risk HPV, it will lead to gradual malignant transformation of the squamous epithelium of the cervix, starting from the bottom layer of the epithelium, i.e. cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, clinically known as CIN, which is a precancerous lesion of the cervix and gradually develops to the whole epithelium, i.e. carcinoma in situ. If the lesion continues to develop and breaks through the epithelial layer to invade the subepithelial mesenchyme, it is called invasive carcinoma. From HPV infection to CIN to cervical cancer is a very slow process, which takes about 10-20 years. Any detection and treatment at any point before the cancer can interrupt the process of cervical cancer, so cervical cancer is preventable and treatable. The role of HPV testing is to detect the presence of HPV, especially high-risk HPV infection. TCT (liquid-based thin-layer cytology) is performed by brushing cells from the surface of the cervix and the cervical canal with a cervical brush, then shabbing them in the preservation solution to transfer the cells to the preservation solution, and putting the preservation solution bottle into a fully automated cell preparation machine to transfer the sample cells by mixing, filtering, and finally attaching them to a slide. The slides are stained and filmed for fixation and finally observed under the microscope for diagnosis, which is a method to find out if the cervical epithelial cells are diseased. Screening by TCT should start at the age of 21. women aged 21-29 years should apply cytology alone and preferably do TCT every 3 years without having to be screened every year. women aged 30-65 years are recommended to have combined TCT + HPV screening every 5 years; they can also choose TCT alone every 3 years without having to be screened every year. women aged 65 years or older who have had three consecutive A negative TCT test or two consecutive negative combined TCT+HPV screens with the last test within the last 5 years may stop screening. If the uterus and cervix have been removed for other pathologies, i.e., patients who have undergone total hysterectomy and have no previous history of CIN2 and above, no further screening is required. If there is a previous history of CIN grade 2-3 lesions, screening should be continued in age-specific subgroups for up to 20 years after treatment, even if they are over 65 years of age. Cervical cancer screening needs to be continued throughout life in women with AIDS and in women who are immunosuppressed (e.g., patients who have undergone organ transplantation and require long-term oral immunosuppressive drugs to combat rejection).