A person who has been positive for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) for more than six months and has normal liver function can be diagnosed as a chronic HBsAg carrier, which can also be referred to as a chronic hepatitis B virus carrier. Since there is no recognized and effective treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus carriers, it is best to perform a liver biopsy to understand the liver lesions before determining the treatment plan. If the liver lesions are obvious, antiviral therapy should be administered, while if there are no obvious lesions or the lesions are mild, treatment can be withheld, at least for the time being. HBV carriers with active HBV replication (HBeAg-positive or HBV DNA-positive) can also try some immunomodulatory drugs to break the body’s immune tolerance. In principle, interferon is not used in the treatment of chronic hepatitis B carriers, but lamivudine can be considered if necessary, but it must be combined with other antiviral drugs and/or immunomodulatory drugs in order to have e-system conversion before the occurrence of drug-resistant strains. Immunomodulatory therapy for chronic hepatitis B virus carriers 1. Specific immunotherapy: (1) Hepatitis B vaccine plus various immune adjuvants. Existing research shows that the preventive hepatitis B vaccine itself has certain therapeutic effects. At present, it is mostly advocated to use some immunomodulators, such as levamisole rub, pansentin, thymidine, various cytokines, BCG vaccine, etc. (2) Hepatitis B vaccine + Hepatitis B immunoglobulin, containing 60ug HBsAg and 38ug HBIG per unit dose, with aluminum hydroxide as adjuvant, injected intramuscularly once every 3 weeks for 3 times. (3) New hepatitis B vaccine with T-cell epitopes and hepatitis B DNA vaccine are being studied at home and abroad. (2) Non-specific immunotherapy: (1) levamisole rub; (2) BCG vaccine and BCG vaccin; (3) thymidine alpha (Nitazen) and domestic thymidine; (4) cytokines, such as IL-2, IL-12, etc.; (5) others, fungal polysaccharides, glycyrrhetinic acid and traditional Chinese medicine, such as Cordyceps, Astragalus, ginseng, etc. Application of interferon or immunomodulatory therapy may sometimes cause elevation of serum transaminases and occasionally jaundice, and therefore should be closely monitored. It is generally believed that if only the transaminases are elevated, it may be an effective indication and treatment can be continued, but if jaundice appears then the drug should be discontinued immediately and active liver protection therapy should be given. In conclusion, the current treatment for chronic hepatitis B virus carriers mainly adopts a comprehensive therapy based on immunomodulation, supplemented by antiviral, liver protection and anti-fibrosis, combined with Chinese and Western medicine, and regular observation and intermittent treatment.