I. Laboratory tests: (a) Biochemical tests. 1.Serum ALT and AST Serum ALT and AST levels can generally reflect the degree of hepatocyte damage and are most commonly used. 2.Serum bilirubin Usually serum bilirubin level is related to the degree of hepatocyte necrosis, but it needs to be distinguished from the elevated bilirubin caused by intrahepatic and extrahepatic biliary stasis. In patients with liver failure, serum bilirubin may be progressively increased, rising ≥ 1 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) per day, and may be ≥ 10×ULN; bilirubin may also appear to be separated from ALT and AST. The liver disease department of Taihe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Huai De over 3, serum albumin Reflecting the synthetic function of the liver, patients with chronic hepatitis B, cirrhosis and liver failure can have a decrease in serum albumin. 4, prothrombin time (PT) and PTA PT is an important indicator reflecting the synthesis function of liver coagulation factors, PTA is a common method of PT measurement, which is of great value in determining disease progression and prognosis, and the recent progressive decrease of PTA to below 40% is one of the important diagnostic criteria of liver failure, and < 20% indicates poor prognosis. International standardized ratio (INR) is also used to express this indicator, and the increase in INR value has the same significance as the decrease in PTA value. 5.Cholinesterase can reflect the synthetic function of the liver, and has a reference value for understanding the severity of the disease and monitoring the development of liver disease. 6, alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) AFP is significantly elevated mainly in HCC, but can also indicate the regeneration of hepatocytes after massive hepatocyte necrosis, so attention should be paid to the magnitude of AFP elevation, dynamic changes and its relationship with ALT, AST, and combined with the patient's clinical manifestations and liver ultrasonography and other imaging findings for comprehensive analysis. (B) HBV serological testing. HBV serological markers include HBsAg, anti-HBs, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc and anti-HBc-IgM. HBsAg positivity indicates HBV infection; anti-HBs is a protective antibody, and its positivity indicates immunity to HBV, which is seen in hepatitis B recovery and hepatitis B vaccination; HBsAg conversion and anti-HBs conversion is called HBsAg turns negative and anti-HBs turns positive, called HBsAg serological conversion; HBeAg turns negative and anti-HBe turns positive, called HBeAg serological conversion; anti-HBc-IgM positive indicates HBV replication, mostly seen in the acute phase of hepatitis B, but also seen in the acute attack of chronic hepatitis B; anti-HBc total antibody is mainly anti-HBc-IgG, as long as infected with HBV, regardless of whether the virus is cleared, this antibody is mostly positive. Most of them are positive. In order to understand whether there is simultaneous or overlapping infection of HBV and HDV, HDAg, anti-HDV, anti-HDV IgM and HDV RNA can be measured. (c) HBV DNA, genotype and variant detection. 1, HBV DNA quantitative testing can reflect the level of viral replication, mainly for the diagnosis of chronic HBV infection, the selection of treatment indications and the judgment of antiviral efficacy. the detection value of HBV DNA can be expressed in international units (IU)/mL or copies/mL, depending on the detection method, 1 IU is equivalent to 5 or 6 copies [46]. 2, HBV genotyping and detection of drug-resistant mutant strains Commonly used methods include (1), genotype-specific primer PCR method; (2), restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (RFLP); (3), linear probe reverse hybridization (INNO-LiPA); (4), gene sequence assay, etc. Second, imaging diagnosis. Ultrasonography, electronic computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be performed on the liver, gallbladder and spleen. The main purpose of imaging examination is to monitor the clinical progress of chronic hepatitis B, to understand the presence of cirrhosis, to detect and identify the nature of occupying lesions, and especially to screen and diagnose HCC. The advantage of hepatic elastography (hepatic elastography) is that it is non-invasive, easy to perform, reproducible, and can more accurately identify mild hepatic fibrosis and severe hepatic fibrosis/ Early cirrhosis. However, its success rate is affected by factors such as obesity and rib cage size, and its measurement value is affected by liver steatosis, inflammatory necrosis and cholestasis, and it is not easy to accurately distinguish between two adjacent grades of liver fibrosis.