Cholecystectomy + hepatic segment IV and V resection + lymph node dissection Gallbladder cancer has no characteristic manifestation in early stage, and it is difficult to distinguish it from chronic cholecystitis, so patients will mostly have their first consultation in general hospitals, and many gallbladder cancers are found incidentally after cholecystectomy or laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallstones or cholecystitis. Complete removal of the tumor may be the only means of curing gallbladder cancer. The surgical treatment of gallbladder cancer varies greatly in different cases, and the prognosis of patients is significantly different. The clinical stage of gallbladder cancer is a decisive factor in the scope of surgical resection and prognosis of gallbladder cancer. Stage T1a gallbladder cancer only invades the mucosa or lamina propria of the gallbladder. Since there is almost no lymph node metastasis in this stage, gallbladder cancer can be cured by simple cholecystectomy, so there is no need for secondary surgery. Numerous studies have confirmed that for patients with pathologically confirmed stage T1a gallbladder cancer, the 5-year survival rate of cholecystectomy alone is 100%, provided that negative bile duct margins are ensured. Recent studies have focused on stage T1b, i.e., can the gallbladder be resected alone when the gallbladder cancer invades the muscular layer? Previously, it was believed that the muscular layer was still localized to the gallbladder, and thus there were many people who performed simple resection of the gallbladder in stage T1b. However, several recent evidence-based medical evidence does not support this view. At last year’s World Congress on Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Diseases, colleagues from the United States comparatively studied the outcomes of nearly 1,000 patients with T1b gallbladder cancer and showed that patients who had their gallbladder removed alone had worse survival and recurrence rates than those treated with standard radical surgery. The 5-year survival rate of radical resection was 70%-90%, while the 5-year survival rate of cholecystectomy alone was 40%-50%. Therefore, stage T1b gallbladder cancer, like T2 gallbladder cancer, should be treated with cholecystectomy + hepatic segment IV and V resection + regional lymph node dissection. For these patients, radical resection is the best approach.