EBV is a lymphophilic human herpesvirus that primarily infects B lymphocytes. Only the vast majority of B lymphocytes have a receptor for EBV. This receptor may be the same as or closely related to the complement receptor of B lymphocytes. Humans are the hosts of EBV infections, which are transmitted primarily through saliva. In addition, EBVs are strongly associated with the development of nasopharyngeal cancer and childhood lymphoma, and are listed as one of the human oncogenic viruses that may cause cancer. EBV is associated with a variety of diseases, examples of which are as follows: 1. Infectious mononucleosis. According to the literature, EBV infection occurs early in life in children in low socioeconomic populations, and the infection is usually not followed by disease, and the route of transmission is unclear. In high socioeconomic populations, only a small percentage of young children become infected, with infection predominantly occurring in adolescence. About half of the adolescents who become infected with EBV during adolescence do not show significant symptoms, while the other half develop infectious mononucleosis with heterophilic antibody formation. 2. African childhood malignant lymphoma, also known as Burkitt’s lymphoma. According to serological investigations and genomic testing for EB disease, two human malignancies, African Burkitt’s lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, are clearly related to the EB virus. Ninety-seven percent of Burkitt’s lymphoma cases in Africa are the result of malignant proliferation of clones of cells bearing the EBV genome. Vaccines are the most effective way to prevent EBV infection, but the development of a recombinant vaccine in China is under observation. There is a lack of antiviral drugs with proven efficacy against EBV infection.