With the popularity of medical checkups, some people will find gallbladder polyps in the gallbladder during medical checkups, will gallbladder polyps become cancerous, do you need surgery, can you take medication to get rid of them, all kinds of confusion plagues people, if you are also confused, let’s take a look at the problem of gallbladder polyps. The gallbladder polyp is a general term for a type of lesion in which the wall of the gallbladder is raised into the cavity in a polyp-like manner, including tumor polyp and non-tumor polyp, because it is difficult to clarify its nature clinically and on imaging, so it is also called “gallbladder mucosal augmentation lesion”. Epidemiological data show that the overall incidence of gallbladder polyps in China is about 4.5-8.7%. Among gallbladder polyps, neoplastic polyps, also known as true polyps, are divided into adenomatous polyps and polypoid gallbladder adenocarcinoma. Non-neoplastic polyps are also called pseudopolyps, such as cholesterol polyps, inflammatory polyps, etc. Whether a gallbladder polyp will become cancerous or not has a lot to do with the type of gallbladder polyp. Cholesterol polyps account for about 60% and are the most common. They are cholesterol crystals in bile, mostly less than 10mm in diameter, adhering to the surface layer of gallbladder mucosa and easily separated from the mucosa, and a large amount of clinicopathological data proves that cholesterol polyps have 0 chance of cancer. They are usually less than 5 mm in diameter and no carcinoma has been reported. Adenomatous polyp is a common benign tumor of the gallbladder, also known as gallbladder adenoma, which is common in middle-aged and elderly women, often solitary, and located at the body and bottom of the gallbladder. It is a precancerous lesion of gallbladder cancer, with a malignant rate of 20-38.9%. Polyp-type gallbladder adenocarcinoma means that the polyp itself has become cancerous, and the rate is about 0-0.7%. In summary, the answer to the question of whether gallbladder polyps will become cancerous is that most gallbladder polyps will not become cancerous, but only a small number of types of polyps are potentially cancerous. So do gallbladder polyps need surgery? Ultrasound is preferred for the diagnosis of gallbladder polyps, but it is difficult to determine the benign and malignant, and there is no drug to eliminate gallbladder polyps, so surgery is the main treatment, but whether all gallbladder polyps need surgery needs to be determined according to the size of polyps. Comprehensive domestic and foreign guideline consensus need surgery indications are as follows: 1. polyps diameter ≥ 10mm (about 1/4 malignant change) 2. polyps diameter <10mm combined with gallbladder stones, cholecystitis
3. polyps in the neck of the gallbladder or polyps growing adjacent to the opening of the cystic duct
4. polyps 6-9mm with high risk factors to consider surgery: age >50 years, primary sclerosing cholangitis, solitary polyps or polyps without a tip and rapidly increasing in size (growth rate >3mm/month) focal gallbladder wall thickening with thickness >4mm. if the patient has no risk factors for malignancy and the gallbladder polyp is 6-9mm or has risk factors for malignancy size ≤5mm, at 6 months, 1 year, then annually until 5 years for follow-up ultrasonography. So physical examination found gallbladder polyps, do not need to be overly bothered, most polyps are benign lesions, only a few will be cancerous, regular observation and follow-up is basic, usually pay attention to appropriate physical exercise in life, to preserve the function of the gallbladder, to avoid excessive treatment. If it reaches the surgical standard, it needs to be removed surgically for pathological examination.