As we all know, the direction of medical development in the 21st century is minimally invasive surgery, biomedicine and organ transplantation. And specifically in the field of hepatobiliary surgery, the concept of liver preservation, bile preservation and sphincter preservation has been proposed. Among them, minimally invasive surgery has become the goal of people in the surgical community. And now it has become the mantra and fashionable word in the surgical community. This is especially true since the rise of the wave of popularity of laparoscopic cholecystectomy. People think that it is minimally invasive surgery and minimally invasive surgery when the large incision of traditional open cholecystectomy is changed into three small holes or even a small incision. In fact, the definition of minimally invasive surgery is never the size of the incision to distinguish between heavy invasion and minimally invasive! Its true meaning is the size of the surgical treatment method that affects the function of human organs. If the impact on organ function is large, it is called major invasion; on the contrary, it is called minimally invasive. Technology has cut out the gallbladder, can it be considered minimally invasive when the gallbladder function is gone? It is important to know that certain functions of the gallbladder cannot be replaced by other organs and organs, and it is worthwhile for surgeons to think about ……. Based on the above concept, 20 years ago, many doctors in China disagreed and challenged the idea of “cutting gallbladder stones and gallbladder polyps without discussion”. The exploration team of endoscopic biliary preservation led by the First Hospital, using new high-tech technology, after a long time, tens of thousands of patients, clinical practice in a wide area of the country, overturned the traditional theory. First of all, the so-called high recurrence rate after biliary surgery has been reduced to 2-10%, and the secret of high recurrence rate after biliary surgery has been pointed out, because in the past, the old style of biliary stone extraction was to remove stones blindly, and it was impossible to remove stones completely. In fact, the recurrence rate is mostly the residual rate. It is also pointed out that the cholesterol in the gallbladder bile comes from the liver, so the hotbed is not in the gallbladder, but in the liver. Therefore, the theory that removing the gallbladder is removing the hotbed is a misjudgment. This theory is very flawed and should not be advocated. With the introduction of ultrasound technology, the true incidence of gallbladder stone disease has been discovered to be as high as 10% or more of the huge population. For the recognition and discovery of the population of gallbladder stone disease and gallbladder polyp disease has played an important role, the party has drawn attention to the gallbladder stone disease, can not be everything. With the development of medical technology, medical biology, immunology, imaging progress, the gallbladder has been found to have important physiological functions: 1. the gallbladder has an important digestive function; 2. the gallbladder has an important and complex function of processing liver bile, called the “chemical factory”; 3. the gallbladder is an important hub for regulating the pressure of the bile duct, for the protection of The gallbladder is an important hub for regulating the pressure of the bile duct, which plays an important preventive role in protecting the liver and protecting the liver from bile duct stone attacks; 4. Not only that, in order to know the gallbladder and pay attention to the physiological role of the gallbladder organ, many scholars in China have done a lot of evidence-based medical work and counted the long-term side effects that occurred in tens of thousands of cases after cholecystectomy: 1. 48% of patients were found to have severe dyspepsia and reflux gastritis; 2. 24% of cases had common bile duct stones; 3. The unavoidable bile duct damage from cholecystectomy, called The surgeon’s eternal pain! or the surgeon’s grave. The incidence is 0.18~2.3%. What’s more, this procedure can also bring a terrible surgical mortality rate of 0.17~5%. However, the new endoscopic minimally invasive bile stone extraction technique, which is safe and easy to perform, protects the existence of gallbladder function without serious comorbidities and mortality, especially the comorbidity of bile duct injury brought about by cholecystectomy can be completely avoided, which is an important contribution of the surgical community! Practice is the only criterion to test the truth, and more than 20 years of clinical practice have confirmed the correctness of the new endoscopic biliary stone extraction method and concept, which is a true science. Although in the beginning stage it was hindered, opposed and ridiculed by the traditional bile-cutting theory; the real science and technology cannot be stopped. Patients need it from the bottom of their hearts, and biliary preservation techniques are effective, minimally invasive, safe, and have unlimited vitality. Because of this, over the past 20 years, this technology has developed rapidly, and hospitals carrying out this technology have been sprouting up all over the country in all provinces, and it has been recognized and supported by many knowledgeable people in China,. The late academician Qiu Fazu, the originator of general surgery in China, issued a great call during his lifetime to “pay attention to the function of the gallbladder, play the role of the gallbladder, and protect the existence of the gallbladder! The great call to action. Academician Huang Zhiqiang, the master of biliary surgery in China, was also personally concerned about this work, and called for “endoscopic biliary thinking is a major event in China’s surgery, a major event in the 21st century” at the 13th National Academic Conference on Biliary Surgery. So the water came to fruition, the situation is great, like a fire. And in Guangzhou, Beijing, Shanghai, Xining has held the first, second, third, fourth national academic conference, three national summit forum. There are also countless seminars or salons on the new theory of endoscopic biliary preservation held at the provincial level. In addition, an important symbol of the new theory of endoscopic biliary preservation is the official establishment of the National Committee of Minimally Invasive Endoscopic Biliary Preservation by the Ministry of Health, and the publication of specifications, monographs and journal papers on biliary preservation technology, which put the technology and theory on the right track. Of course, the development of this technology is still unbalanced, and many hospitals have rushed into it, which does not meet the requirements of endoscopic biliary preservation. The main purpose of biliary technology is to remove stones and protect the gallbladder; biliary preservation is the purpose and stone extraction is the means. In the field of biliary technology, one must have skilled choledochoscopic skills, and without choledochoscopy one cannot carry out biliary technology! Otherwise, it will go back to the old way of taking stones from blind people. Biliary technology should be improved, to carefully and correctly determine the real situation of gallbladder function, to reacquaint with the judgment of gallbladder non-visualization, gallbladder contraction malfunction, white bile and other conditions; to study the location of biliary surgery incision, the improvement of stone extraction technology; how to further reduce the recurrence rate of stones after biliary surgery; research and development of drugs to prevent stones, research and development of biliary stone extraction equipment Joe brand choledochoscope has been introduced, so that China’s endoscopy The bile preservation technology has been improved and taken to the next level.