Stem Cells and End-Stage Liver Disease 1.7 billion people worldwide suffer from different types of liver disease, 25-30% of whom develop severe fibrosis and eventually progress to cirrhosis. The leading causes are HCV and HBV infections, alcohol abuse and NAFLD. Cirrhosis is the cause of 85-90% of primary liver cancers. Liver transplantation is the ideal approach for this type of disease, but problems such as lack of donors, high cost, and immune rejection limit the widespread use of this technique. Stem cells are expected to bring new therapeutic benefits to liver disease because of their easy accessibility, low immunogenicity, and batch production. Early preclinical and clinical studies focused on autologous bone marrow stem cells. In recent years, it has been found that autologous bone marrow stem cells from patients with cirrhosis have value-added defects and decreased expression of cell-surface factor receptors, and more studies have been conducted on stem cells extracted from amniotic fluid, umbilical cord, umbilical cord blood and embryos. Many experimental studies have shown that stem cells can differentiate into hepatocytes with the ability to secrete albumin in the hepatic environment, up-regulate SOD levels, and inhibit the phenomenon of hepatocyte aging, and that the ALB, TBIL, PT, and MELD scores of the patients improved significantly at the therapeutic return visit, and the safety is good. However, there are still a lot of questions to be explored: such as the optimal route of cell administration, the optimal amount of cells to be administered, the number of generations of stem cells to be administered, and the interaction of stem cells with related factors and drugs.