157, Castor seeds
[Synonyms] Castor kernel, cannabis seeds, red cannabis seeds.
[Source] This product is the dried mature seeds of Ricinus commuris L, Euphorbiaceae.
[Composition] This product contains castor fat oil about 50%. Protein about 20%. And contains ricin, ricin toxin (ricin).
[Pharmacology] Castor oil in the duodenum by the action of lipase. Saponification into sodium ricinoleate and glycerol. The former has a stimulating effect on the small intestine. Causes bowel movements to increase and defecation. Generally after taking 15-30ml of castor oil after 4-6h discharge of dilute stool. Castorine and ricin are toxic components.
[Efficacy and Dosage] Eliminate swelling and remove toxins. Laxative and detoxifying. Used for carbuncle and gangrene swelling and poison. Scrofula. Throat paralysis. Scabies. Edema and abdominal fullness. Dryness of stool, etc. Internal use in pills. Raw or fried. Externally, pounding or dressing.
[Example] Castorine 160mg or ricin 7mg can cause death in adults. ①It has been reported that adults who accidentally take castor seeds about 20 grains. Children can be killed by 2-7 grains. The incubation period of castor seed poisoning is long. The onset of disease is 3-24 hours after consumption. Symptoms can also appear as late as 3 days. At the beginning, there is burning sensation in the throat and esophagus, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, bloody dysentery. Central nervous system symptoms such as drowsiness, headache, shock and coma may also occur. In severe cases, coagulation, hemolysis and liver function damage may occur. Finally, it can be life-threatening due to dehydration, shock, respiratory depression and heart failure. ②A child took 10 grains of castor seeds. It caused violent vomiting and diarrhea, thirst, dehydration, headache and convulsions, which led to death after 12 hours. (iii) A bronchial asthma patient with castor bean 14 grains. Fresh small thistle whole plant 7. Pounded together like mud. Gauze was wrapped around the medicine and rubbed on the back of the chest. Rub until the local redness of the red rash. The mouth and lips felt numb after 5 min. of medication. Shortness of breath increased. Followed by difficulty in breathing. Sweating profusely. Delirium soon appeared. Involuntary twitching of upper limbs. Wind-blown rash all over the body. Weak and rapid breathing. Mouth and lips are cyanotic. Blood pressure was undetectable. Treated with anti-allergy and rehydration and out of danger. ④There were two other cases of anaphylactic shock with the use of castor bean. One of them died. Anaphylactic shock caused by topical application of this product has also been reported.
[Prevention and control] Poisoning from raw castor seeds or castor oil mistaken for edible oil. It can cause respiratory poisoning or anaphylaxis when used externally in large quantities. Treatment of poisoning: ① Immediately induce vomiting, gastric lavage and diarrhea. If necessary, high colonic irrigation. May take rice soup orally to protect gastric mucosa. ②Blood and fluid transfusion. Maintain blood volume and hydromediator balance. ③Subcutaneous injection of anti-ricin serum. ④Give 5-15g of sodium bicarbonate daily. alkalize urine. Prevent acute renal failure due to hemoglobin deposition. ⑤ Symptomatic treatment.
References
1. Zhu Tianzhong. et al. Overview of research on common plant-based poisoning deaths, Chinese Medicine Bulletin.
2. Xiao Shougui, Report of a case of anaphylaxis caused by topical application of castor bean, Sichuan TCM.
3. Zhao Huanqin. et al. 2 cases of anaphylaxis caused by topical application of castor bean seed, Chinese Journal of Dermatology.
1, Lu Jingtian, Review of drug reactions to Chinese herbal medicines, Journal of Practical Chinese Internal Medicine.
158, Tribulus terrestris
Jili
Fructus Tribuli
[synonym] Tribulus terrestris, Tribulus terrestris, Tribulus terrestris.
[Source] This product is Tribulus terrestris L, the dried ripe fruit of Tribulus terrestris.
[Composition] Tribulus terrestris contains fatty oil, alkaloids, volatile oil, resin, nitrates and saponins, etc.
[Pharmacology] Tribulus terrestris extract has the effect of lowering blood pressure in anesthetized animals.
[Efficacy and Dosage] Calming the liver and relieving depression. Promoting blood circulation and dispelling wind. Brighten the eyes. Relieve itching. Used for headache and vertigo. Distension and pain in the chest and hypochondrium. Breast closure and breast pain. Red eyes and cataracts. Wind rash and itching. Dosage:6-9g.
[Example] It has been reported. Wang. Female. 21 years old. Due to “vitiligo”, she took Tribulus terrestris powder 6g, twice daily. 1h after the second dose. Immediately felt itching and pins and needles sensation on the whole body skin. Then the skin appeared pinpoint red rash spots. Followed by generalized flushing of the skin. The rash spread across the chest, back and extremities. The rash was not treated that day. The next morning, I took Tribulus terrestris powder 6 g. The above symptoms rapidly worsened a few minutes after taking it. There was also anxiety. The patient had no history of allergic diseases. Physical examination showed flushed skin on the face and body. Dense pinpoint-sized red rash was seen on both upper limbs and chest and back. The rash receded under pressure. The diagnosis was drug rash. The patient was advised to stop taking Tribulus terrestris powder. Drink plenty of water. The antihistamine (Benadryl) 50mg was given orally. 2h after taking the drug. The symptoms disappeared completely.
In addition. Tribulus terrestris contains potassium nitrate. Taken into the body by the enzyme reduction into potassium nitrite. Can cause high iron hemoglobin and asphyxiation.
[Prevention] This product can cause drug rash. It should be noted. Tribulus terrestris can also cause methemoglobinemia when taken internally. Once the methemoglobinemia occurs, it can be given orally or intravenously with large amount of vitamin C. To facilitate the transformation of methemoglobin into hemoglobin; also can be used 1-2mg/kg of 1% methylene blue solution diluted with glucose and injected slowly intravenously within 10-15min. 2h later, if the symptoms are not relieved, the injection can be repeated once; or toluidine blue 5mg/kg diluted and injected slowly intravenously.
[Note] Tribulus terrestris is the seed of Astragalus complanastus R, Br, a genus of Astragalus in the family Fabaceae. It is two different herbs from Tribulus terrestris. The two should not be confused.
References
1. Ning T. S. One case of drug rash caused by internal use of Tribulus terrestris Shandong Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1987,(6):22
2. Li Xueyuan. Cai Dali, Therapeutics of Internal Medicine, Beijing: People’s Health Publishing House. 1984, 574
159, Dandelion
Pugongying
Herba Tarax Aci
[Synonyms] Pugongying Herba Tarax Aci.
[Source] This product is the dried whole grass of Taraxacum mongolicum Hand- Mazz, Taraxacum sinicum Kitag, or several other plants of the same genus.
[The product contains dandelion sterol, dandelion saiol, dandelion bitter and caffeic acid. The whole herb contains inositol, asparagine, bitters, saponin resin, inulin, fructose, choline, etc.
[Pharmacology] Dandelion decoction has inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus and skin fungi. Its infusion has a bilious effect.
[Efficacy and dosage] Clearing heat and detoxifying. Dispersing swellings and nodules. Diuretic and laxative. Used for boils and swellings. Lactic carbuncle. Scrofula. Red eyes. Sore throat. Lung carbuncle. Intestinal carbuncle. Damp-heat jaundice. Hot gonorrhea and astringent pain. Dosage:9-15 g. For external use, pound the fresh product in appropriate amount or fumigate the affected area with decoction.
[Example] Liu reported 2 cases of itching all over the body caused by oral intake of dandelion soup. If the dandelion was removed, there was no allergy.
References
Zhang Hongyang, Toxic and side effects of Chinese medicine seen in clinical practice, Jiangxi TCM. 1987,(4):55
160, Leigongteng
Leigongteng
Radix Triipterygil wilfordii
[synonym] Mangcao, Broken Gut, Red Violet Root, Southern Snake Root, Trigonella.
[Source] This product is the root and rhizome of Tripterygium wilfordii Hook, f., family Weimaraceae.
[Ingredients] This product contains rehmannia redox. In addition, more than 60 kinds of components can be extracted from it. There are 13 kinds of diterpene components. There are 18 triterpenes. Sesquiterpenes 11 kinds. There are 11 kinds of alkaloids. There are also β-sitosterol, Weimarol, glucose, fructose, organic acid, tannin, pigment, turpentine and trace elements such as iron, manganese, zinc, copper and selenium.
[Pharmacology] The ethyl acetate extract of this product has immunosuppressive effect. It can also increase the total complement content of serum in mice. This effect can also promote the clearance of circulating immune complexes. Blocking the inflammatory effect of immune complexes. Accelerate the repair of inflammation. This decoction has an inhibitory effect on the inflammatory mediators histamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine to increase capillary permeability. In addition to the anti-inflammatory effect. It also has analgesic, antipyretic, insecticidal and antibacterial effects. This product has a transient hypotensive effect. Intraperitoneal injection of large doses of Radix et Rhizoma extract can cause a sudden drop in blood pressure and cardiac arrhythmia.
[Efficacy and Dosage] This product has clearing heat and detoxification. Expel wind and remove dampness. Relieving swelling and pain. Promoting blood circulation and killing worms. Mainly used for treating rheumatism and paralysis. Bruises and injuries. Effective in the early and middle stages of rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. It can also treat nephrotic syndrome. Systemic lupus erythematosus. Psoriasis, etc. This product is highly toxic. It should be taken with caution internally.
[Adverse reactions] This product is very toxic. Extraordinary dosage can cause poisoning or even death. The oral LD50 of total glucoside is 159,7,14,3mg/kg, and the oral LD50 of total alkaloids is 504,29,48mg/kg. The average toxic half-life is 7,98 h. The accumulation factor is <4,98. Its toxic types can be divided into 3 types: ①Acute toxic reactions. The symptoms of poisoning occur immediately or within a few hours after taking the drug. There are multiple organ damage. Even death. ② Chronic toxic reactions. Most of the organ damage occurs in the process of drug administration. Its progress is slow. (iii) Delayed toxic reaction. Acute poisoning symptoms disappear after treatment. The symptoms recur after a period of time.
[Example] ①Clinically, there are more cases of poisoning by this product reported. There are 5 cases of acute poisoning. Nausea, abdominal pain, vomiting, jaundice, hepatomegaly, and gastrointestinal bleeding appeared. Finally died. ②Another case of overdose poisoning. The blood pressure dropped to 0. The skin of the extremities and abdomen was dull red. Finally died. The autopsy concluded that it was diffuse intravascular coagulation and acute renal failure caused by thunderbolt poisoning. ③There was a report of death due to acute aplastic anemia and exudative pleurisy caused by internal administration of Leigongjiang. (iv) A lactating mother took thunderbolt preparation for 1 week. Her son vomited milk, fussiness and drug rash after suckling. The symptoms disappeared after stopping breastfeeding. Chronic poisoning mostly occurs during the course of treatment. The main manifestations are reduction of nausea. Burning sensation with fullness in the stomach and epigastrium. Mild diarrhea. Cardiovascular system manifests palpitations and chest tightness. Laboratory tests show abnormal urine routine. Blood tests show leukopenia. Thrombocytopenia. A very small number of patients showed “aplastic anemia”.
[Prevention] This product is toxic. Start with a small dose for the first time. After taking 3-4 days, gradually adapt to it. Gradually increase to the usual amount. Decoction should be boiled for at least 1h. To reduce its toxicity. The fresh product has a high toxicity content. Take the lower limit of dosage. Acute poisoning treatment: ①Evacuation, gastric lavage, and diarrhea to rapidly expel the poison. ②Transfusion to detoxify. ③Dilate and diuretic. ④The early use of adrenocorticosteroids can improve shock. ⑤Correction of cardiac failure can be done with cardiac glycosides of the maundyne type. ⑥Hemostatic drugs can be used for bleeding tendency. Gastrointestinal bleeding can be treated with Yunnan Baiyao. ⑦Fresh fenugreek is used as a single prescription in Chinese medicine. Take 250-500g of decoction each time in water. Take it for 3-5 days. It is also treated with poplar plum fruit or bark.
References
1. Guo Xiaozhuang, Dictionary of Toxic Chinese Medicine, Tianjin: Tianjin Science and Technology Translation Press. 1992, 880
2.Yang Xiaohua, Oral consumption of beehive causes poisoning by Leigongteng, Jiangxi Med. 1988, (23)4:344
3. Qi Fengming, One case of diffuse intravascular coagulation and renal function damage caused by overdose of Lei Gong Tang tablets, Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1991, 11(26):490
4. Lin P. A case of aplastic anemia and exudative meningitis death after oral administration of Leigongteng Tablets, Chinese Medicine 1992,10:(47)19
2. Li Ruilin. et al. 5 cases of toxic side effects in infants caused by Leigongteng tablets via breast milk, 1983, (24) 4:31
161, Centipede
Wugong
Scolopendra
[synonym] Centipede, Tianlong, Hundred Feet, Hundred Feet more.
[source] This product is the centipede family less spiny giant centipede Scolopendra subspinipes
mutilans L, Koch’s dried body.
[Composition] This product contains two toxic components similar to bee venom. They are histamine-like substance and hemolytic protein. It also contains tyrosine, leucine, anthranilic acid, fatty oil, cholesterol, etc.
[Pharmacology] This product has anticonvulsant effect. Centipede (1:4) aqueous solution has an inhibitory effect on skin fungi. It also has an inhibitory effect on Mycobacterium tuberculosis. And it can promote the metabolism of human body.
[Efficacy and Dosage] Extinguishing wind and calming. Tackling poison and dispersing nodules. Relieving pain. Used for pediatric convulsions. Convulsions and spasms. Stroke. Hemiplegia. Tetanus. Wind-damp stubborn paralysis. Scrofula of sores and ulcers. Poisonous snake bite. Dosage:3-5g.
[Example] ① Liu reported a case of cervical lymphatic tuberculosis in a patient taking a soup containing centipede (in which centipede 12 g) for 1 dose daily. dizziness, weakness, and resolution of soy sauce-colored urine occurred after 3 days. It was diagnosed as a hemolytic reaction. Analysis of centipede contains histamine-like substances and hemolytic proteins two substances cause hemolytic reactions. (2) A male patient took 3 doses of traditional Chinese medicine for eczema (2 centipedes were added to the original formula). Fever and back pain a few hours after taking 2 doses. Urine test for protein (++++) and tubular type (++). Urine volume was 2000-4000 ml per day. died of acute renal failure on the 4th day. A male patient took 4 doses of traditional Chinese medicine for psoriasis and then added 2 centipedes. After taking 3 doses, he had back pain and fever. Urinalysis protein (++++), tubular (+). Urine volume was 2000-8000ml per day, ultrasound showed bilateral diffuse renal enlargement. It returned to normal only on day 6. (iii) Some reported acute renal failure from oral centipede powder. ④ Yu reported allergy to raw centipede. A patient was seen for rheumatic pain. The medicine centipede 20 (folk formula) was powdered and swallowed. The powder was packed into hollow capsules. Each capsule 1g. 2 times daily. 1 capsule each time. In the morning after taking 1 capsule for 1h, red rash and itching appeared on the lower limbs. Followed by 1 capsule in the afternoon. The disease worsened. Corn-like red rash all over the body. The lower abdomen and the inner side of the lower limbs are the worst. The itching was unbearable. The patient has no history of allergy. No other medications were taken. No contact with foreign body. He was ordered to stop the medication. The rash subsided with anti-allergy treatment. Later the rheumatism worsened. Took 1 more capsule. Immediately afterwards, the rash started again. Later, the author poured the remaining 70 capsules of centipede powder into a pot and canned it over a gentle fire until it was dark brown and then cooled and added to the capsules. The patient did not get a rash after trying it. Rheumatic paralysis also improved. From this it is stated that raw centipede is allergenic. No allergy after concoction. However, it still has curative effect. To ensure the safety and effectiveness. Should be concocted into the medicine is appropriate. ⑤ Deng’s reported two cases of allergic reactions to centipede. A patient was seen for pain in the hip. The patient was treated with Wu Tou Tang plus 5 centipedes (powdered and taken). The rash on both feet was elevated the following day. Emergency anti-sensitization treatment. The patient reported that not long ago. A doctor had used centipede to show similar allergic symptoms. The centipede was removed from the original prescription and no further allergic reaction occurred after 7 doses. Another patient had a distorted mouth and eyes. He was given 4 centipedes in the form of a rash on his buttocks after 6 h of itching. The rash gradually disappeared after stopping the medicine.
References
1. Zhang Hua, Side effects of traditional Chinese medicine, TCM Info. 1990,5:36
2.Fu Wenlu, A review of adverse reactions of herbal medicines in 1993 and 1994, Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1993,2:52
3. Yu Shenglong, Allergic reactions to raw centipede, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1989,(14)5:56
4. Deng Chaogang, Two cases of allergic reactions caused by centipede, Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1990, 5:237
162, Honey
Fengmi
Mel
[synonym] white honey, table honey, bee sugar, honey.
[source] This product is honey family insects Chinese honey bee Apis cerana Fabricius or Italian bee Apis mellifera Linnaeus made by the honey.
[Ingredients] This product mainly contains fructose. Glucose. It also contains sucrose, inorganic salts, enzymes, organic acids, a little dextrin, protein, gum-like substances, waxes, pigments, aromatic substances and pollen grains.
[Pharmacology] This product has astringent, nutritive and healing effects on wounds. It has the effect of moistening the lung, expectorant and slowing down diarrhea.
[Efficacy and Dosage] Tonifying the middle, moistening dryness, relieving pain and detoxifying. Used for hypochondriac pain. Dry cough of lung. Intestinal dryness and constipation. Externally treating sores and ulcers without astringency. Water and fire burns. Dosage 15-30g.
[Example] Honey has been reported to cause death in infants. Honey can cause epigastric pain. Vomiting and diarrhea, joint pain, pimples, itching all over the body.
References
1, Lu Jingtian, A review of drug reactions to herbal medicines, Journal of Practical Chinese Internal Medicine. 1990,(1):18
2.Yu Qingbo, A review of adverse reactions to some Chinese herbal medicines and proprietary Chinese medicines, Jilin TCM. 1987,(5): 29
163.Manshanhong
Manshanhong
Folium Rhododendri Daurici
[synonym] Ying Shan Hong, Ying Shan Hong, Lean Shan Hong.
[Source] This product is the dried leaf of Rhododendron dauricum L., Rhododendron family.
[Composition] It contains flavonoids such as farreroe, hyperin
(hyperin), azaleatin, azaleatin, etc., volatile oil (for bigfoot 6 ⑤ glucose renewal), triterpene components (for birch alcohol, etc.).
[Efficacy and Dosage] Cough expectorant. Used for acute and chronic bronchitis. Dosage:25-50g. decoction.
[Adverse Reactions] This product has many varieties. Some varieties have edible petals. And some petals are poisonous and inedible.
[Example] ①There was a family of 4 people who were poisoned by eating white azalea petals. ② Song reported a case after a patient took Mangshan Hong adult medicine to eliminate cough and asthma. There was arrhythmia frequent atrial premature beats with intraventricular differential conduction.
References
1. Wang Ning, Poisoning of Chinese medicine and its prevention, Jilin TCM. 1985,(1):31
2. Zhang Hua, Side effects of traditional Chinese medicine, TCM Information, 1990,(5):36
164, Sour date palm
Suanzaoren
Semen Ziziphi Spinosae
[Synonym] Jujube kernel, mountain jujube kernel, sour jujube seed.
[Source] This product is the seeds of Ziziphus jujuba Mill, var, spinosa ( Bunge) Hu et H, F, CHOU of Rhamnaceae.
[Composition] It contains jujuboside (A,B). Hydrolysis yielded jujube saponin elements. The latter can be converted to ebelin lactone during acidic hydrolysis. It also contains flavonoids and traces of strongly stimulating volatile oil.
[Pharmacology] The hydrolytic component of this product has a sedative-hypnotic effect. In addition. It has a sustained hypotensive effect. It can cause conduction block to the heart. It has an excitatory effect on the uterus.
[Efficacy and Dosage] Tonic to the liver. Nourishing the heart. Astringing sweat. Promoting the production of body fluid. Used for sleeplessness due to false agitation. Palpitation and dreaminess. Weakness and excessive sweating. Injury and thirst. Dosage:9-15g.
[Adverse Reactions] Allergic reactions to this product have been reported.
[Example] Zhang reported a patient with vertigo, palpitation, insomnia and excessive dreaming. He was given Guei Spleen Tang with extra flavor. After taking the first dose for 2 h, he developed vicious chills. This was followed by fever. Soreness of the joints of the extremities. Followed up with medical history. The patient also had a similar reaction due to insomnia taking traditional Chinese medicine. She felt exhausted after each attack. Pain and weakness in the limbs. The pain in the limbs was weak. It was as if she was recovering from a serious illness. Recovered only after a few days. It was confirmed by the medication patch test. It was caused by allergy to sour date palm.
References
1. Fan Huilan. etc., Allergy to Chinese herbal medicine in the past 10 years, Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine 1991,(5):233
2.Zhang Huegao, 4 cases of adverse reactions to Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1989,(14)2:52
165.Cicada molasses
Chantui
Periostracum Cicadae
[synonym] Cicada, cicada, cicada shell, cicada shell.
[source] This product is the cicada family insect black fry ( Cryptotympana pusfulata
Fabricius) of the cicada family.
[It contains a large amount of chitin, various amino acids and adenosine triphosphate.
[Pharmacology] Pharmacological evidence shows that it has sedative, anticonvulsant, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects. It also has antipyretic effect.
[Efficacy and Dosage] Dispersing wind and removing heat. Promoting pharynx. Translucent rash. Antipyretic. Antispasmodic. For wind-heat colds. Sore throat. Deafness. Impermeable measles. Rubella. Itching. Red eyes and cataracts. Convulsions of wind. Tetanus. Dosage:3-6g.
[Example] Xia reported 2 cases of abdominal pain caused by taking Cicada molasses, one of which was a 3-year-old female with fever, sore throat and cough treated with mulberry chrysanthemum drink plus Cicada molasses and silver flower. The fever subsided after the medicine. The abdominal pain gradually started. The abdominal pain increased after taking 2 doses. Try decocting 500ml of water with 10g of Cicadellia spp. and let the child’s father and daughter take it together. Persistent pain in epigastrium appeared in about 15 min. It was relieved by itself in 30 min.
References
Xia Chengyi, 2 cases of abdominal pain caused by taking cicada molasses, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1989,(14)10:60
166.Poppy husk
Yingsuqiao
Pericarpium Papaveris
[synonym] Corn husk, opium smoke rice, rice husk, rice husk.
[Source] This product is the poppy family poppy (PapaVer Somniferum L,) the husk.
[Composition] This product contains morphine, codeine, narcotine, poppy base, poppy hull base and Tibaine. Also contains polysaccharides.
[Pharmacology] It has analgesic, respiratory depressant and cough suppressant effects. It has a direct effect on the smooth muscle of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, it has antidiarrheal effect. Also has a mutagenic effect.
[Efficacy and Dosage] Astringent to the lung, astringent to the intestines, and analgesic. Used for prolonged cough, prolonged diarrhea, prolapse, and pain in the abdomen. Dosage:3-6g.
[Example] ① This product has mild damage to human central nervous system. One patient decoction caused irritability, drowsiness, coma and purpura nephritis. Finally, he died of cardiac and respiratory arrest. ② Ming Dynasty physician Gong Xianting had described the poppy husk: corn husk is astringent. Dysentery cough timid. Dispel disease like a god. Kill people like a sword. It has the effect of fixing the intestines and stopping dysentery. But should not be used for the treatment of bacillary dysentery. Chinese medicine considers bacillary dysentery as damp-heat stagnation. Treatment to clear heat and dampness, stagnation and stagnation is the main. Astringent is strictly prohibited. And this product has astringent effect. Therefore, in the case of external evil stagnation. The use of it will cause the “closed door to stay invasive” harm. Modern medical science believes that this product does not kill dysentery bacilli. On the contrary, it can make the intestinal bacteria and toxins along with the pus and blood putrefaction not easy to discharge. This leads to the absorption of bacterial toxins and tissue necrosis products through the intestinal mucosa. Enter the blood circulation. Aggravate the toxemia symptoms. A series of symptoms such as stomach fullness and abdominal distension appear successively. In fact, it is a manifestation of toxic gastrointestinal distension. Severe cases can develop into toxic intestinal paralysis. ③The authors have encountered three cases of patients who died with this product. One of them was a patient surnamed Zheng. It started as simple bacillary dysentery. The local health office repeatedly used this product decoction for treatment. After a few days, abdominal distension appeared. The disease gradually worsened. Gas and bowel movements stopped. Finally, surgery was suspected for a surgical condition. Intraoperatively, the intestinal tube was found to be distended. There was large segmental necrosis. It was accompanied by multiple cornual perforations. Combined with diffuse peritonitis. The patient died after resuscitation. The authors pointed out that “the use of corn husk in the treatment of bacillary dysentery has a hundred disadvantages but no It is not beneficial”. The harm caused by improper application of this product. It is not limited to bacillary dysentery. Other new diseases such as cough, spermatorrhea, prolapse, and women’s leakage. If you do not know the reason. The effect is used easily. It is inappropriate. The “Classic of the Materia Medica” said: “I do not know the cough lung deficiency without fire or the evil cough not only. This is used to converge its deficiency of gas; if the lung family fire and heat. And wind-cold external evil has not been dispersed. Misuse is the cough more increased and difficult to treat. Get dysentery prolapse. Due to long slippage under the intestinal deficiency incontinence. Spermatorrhea in the deficiency of cold slippery ejaculation. Borrow its sour and astringent astringent gas. To fix the deficiency off. If the stomach and intestines stagnant gas more. Damp heat fire incandescence. Fate Gate fire failure. Damp heat downstream spermatorrhea. Misuse of the evil qi can not be released. Or attacking the joints of the hands and feet. Swelling and pain, unable to move. Or the body may become swollen. Or vomiting and not eating. Or swelling of the head and face. Or the essence orifice is blocked. The waterway is blocked. ……” This discourse is sufficient to illustrate the hazards of improper application of this product. ④Infant Tan had diarrhea for a week since. His grandmother decocted 1 poppy shell (as big as a walnut). The decoction was taken about 8 ml. lh later. Appeared vomiting, respiratory distress. Coma. Pupil like a pinhead. No orbital pressure response. Mouth and lips are cyanotic. Opioid poisoning with respiratory failure. Resuscitated with oxygen for 3 days.
References
1.Gu Yunxia, A review of adverse reactions to Chinese herbal medicines, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1995,20(8):503
2.Li Hongsheng. A case of respiratory failure in an infant caused by decoction of poppy husk. Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1989, 14(7):56
167, Camphor
Zhangnao
Camphora
[synonym] Tide brain, brain, foreign ice, Shao brain.
[Source] This product is the crystals extracted from the dried leaves and roots of Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Sieb, family Camphoraceae.
[Composition] Camphor (camphora C10H160). Melting point 174-1790C.
[Pharmacology] This product has stimulating and antiseptic effects on skin and mucous membrane locally. It can improve local blood circulation. Promotes mucosal secretion. The therapeutic dose of this product has reduced or impaired central nervous and cardiovascular function. It can have a reawakening effect.
[Efficacy and Dosage] Removing dampness and killing worms. Warming and dispersing to relieve pain. Opens the orifice and opens filth. Used for scabies, toothache, bruises and injuries, delirium, cholera and abdominal pain, etc. Dosage:0,1-0,2g. in bulk. Or dissolve in wine and take. For external use in appropriate amount. Powdered and sprinkled or mixed. It should be taken internally with caution.
[Example] ① Lu reported a case of camphor poisoning with persistent status epilepticus-like onset. A female farmer was admitted to hospital in emergency due to sudden and frequent convulsions and coma for 10h. Five days before admission, she was suffering from pain in both lower limbs that would not heal. The whole body was fumigated with fresh camphor branch and leaf decoction at about 7 pm on the night of the onset of the disease for about 40 min. He felt chest tightness, palpitation and nausea. Then stop fumigation and rest in bed. Sudden generalized convulsion about 10 min. One convulsion every few minutes. Intermittent unconsciousness. Incontinence with urinary and fecal incontinence. Vomiting 2 times. No special past history. No history of epileptic canker in the family. After injection of anticonvulsant (drug unknown) in local hospital. The convulsions stopped and he was in a persistent coma. He was transferred to our hospital. Initial diagnosis was diabetic coma. Examination: body temperature 39, 40C, respiration 40 times per minute. Pulse rate was 120 beats per minute. Blood pressure was 24/13.3 kPa. moderate coma. Urinary and fecal incontinence. Shortness of breath. Both pupils are equally large and round. The diameter is 4 mm. the light response is sluggish. Moderate oscillatory nystagmus of the eyes. Neck tonicity. The muscle tone of the extremities is significantly increased. Tonic extension of both lower limbs. Leg reflexes of all four limbs are hyperactive. Heart, lungs and abdomen were negative. Laboratory tests: blood glucose 8, 8 mmol/L. Blood count and liver function were normal. Lumbar puncture cerebrospinal fluid pressure was slightly high (80 drops per minute). Routine biochemistry was normal. The cranial CT was normal. After administration of oxygen and rehydration. Mannitol and cerebral cell metabolizing drugs were given as combined treatment. He was clear. Heartbeat, respiration and blood pressure became normal. He was discharged from the hospital with a diagnosis of camphor poisoning and was cured after 1 week. No sequelae were left after 3 months of follow-up. Severe poisoning with persistent epilepsy-like onset due to fumigation with camphor branches and leaves is rare. And it is easy to be misdiagnosed. ② Zhao reported that this product can cause delirium.
References
1. 1 case of camphor poisoning with persistent epilepsy-like onset by Lu Changyuan, New Med. 1996,(27)4:187
2, Zhao Jinyun, A review of the reactions of herbal medicines and preparations in the past 10 years, Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1991,
(4);28
168, Stipules
Jiangcan
Bombyx Batryticatus
[Synonym] White stiff worm, sky worm, stiff worm.
[Source] This product is the silkworm moth family Bombyx mori L, 4-5-year-old larvae infected with (or artificially inoculated with) white stiffness bacteria and dead dried body.
[Composition] This product contains fat and protein.
[Pharmacology] The protein contained in this product has the effect of stimulating the adrenal cortex.
[Efficacy and Dosage] Exorcising wind and settling fright. Clearing phlegm and dispersing knots. Used for convulsions of frightening wind. Sore throat. Submaxillary lymphadenitis. Facial nerve paralysis. Itching of the skin. Dosage:5-9g.
[Example] Chen reported 3 cases of skin rash caused by taking Sclerotium. The rashes all appeared when taking 5-8 doses of the drug. It may be related to metaplasia. Patient Cai suffered from stone gonorrhea. He was treated with 15g of Plantago ovata, lOg each of Qu Mai, Q Cunningham, Gymnema sylvestre, Cicada, Rootstalk, and Little Thistle, 20g each of Bacopa monniera, and 30g of Moneywort. 7 doses of this medicine were taken and a small papular rash appeared on the head and face. High out of the skin. Itching was unbearable. Then spread to the skin of the extremities. Stopped Sclerotinia immediately. Add anti-allergy medicine. Symptoms disappear. Later remove the silkworm. Followed by the original prescription. No skin rash reaction occurred.
References
Chen Cheng trough, Report of 3 cases of rash caused by the silkworm, Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1989,12:550
169, Gaoben
Gaoben
Rhizoma Ligustici
[synonym] Tu Xiong, Shan Cai, Xi Xiong, Cha Xiong.
[Source] This product is the dried rhizome and root of Ligusticum sinense Oliv, or Ligusticum jeholense Nakai et Kitag, family Umbelliferae.
[The dried roots and rhizomes of Ligusticum contain 3-butylphthalide, cnidlide, and methyleugenol. It is reported that ligustrum contains about 0.3% of volatile oil. Some of them contain 0.65%. Liao Gao Ben root contains about 1.5% of volatile oil.
[Pharmacology] 15% decoction was tested by plate dilution method. It has an inhibitory effect on dermatophytes such as Trichoderma hirsutum. Ligustrum has sedative, analgesic and antiviral effects.
[Efficacy and dosage] Expel wind. Dispersing cold. Removing dampness. Relieving pain. Used for wind-cold colds. Headache at the top. Paralysis and pain of wind-damp limbs and joints. Dosage:3-9g.
[Example] There is a 32-year-old female. She took one dose of Jiu Wei Qiang Wu Tang with Gao Ben, Xin Yi and Cang Er due to chronic frontal sinusitis. After taking the medicine for 40 min, strange itching and urticaria appeared on the head, face and circumference of the body:. It was cured by anti-allergic treatment. Afterwards, I took another dose of Chinese medicine containing ligustrum (other Chinese medicine had been taken before. No allergic reaction). Allergic reaction occurred again.
References
Li Tianjie, Report of a case of allergic zun measles caused by traditional Chinese medicine ligustrum, Henan TCM, 1986,(3):37
170, Toadstool
Chansu
Venenum Bufonis
[synonym] Toad puff, toad puff, toad puff, toad pulp.
[Source] This product is the dried secretion of Bufo bufo gargarizans canfor or Bufo melanostictus Schneider, a toadflax family.
[Composition] Toadflax venom contains: Toadflax dienol compound. It includes toad venom ligand and toad toxin. The latter has been hydrolyzed into toad venom ligands, octanedioic acid and arginine when made into toadstools; dithiophenolic amines. These are epinephrine and noradrenaline; non-cardiogenic compounds. Including cholesterol, previtamin D,y-sitosterol, octanedioic acid and arginine.
[Pharmacology] l Toadstool ligands and toadstool toxin have cardiotonic effects. However, the latter is weaker. The basic structure of toadstool ligand is very similar to that of cardiac glycoside ligand. Toadstool venom has an elevating effect due to the presence of epinephrine and noradrenaline. Toadstool has an anti-inflammatory effect. Toadstool ligand has anesthetic, convulsive and vomiting effects.
[Efficacy and dosage] It has detoxification. Pain relief. It is used for relieving pain, relieving pain and awakening the mind. Used for carbuncle and furuncle; sore throat. Poisoning and vomiting. Abdominal pain and dizziness. Anesthesia for surgery. Dosage: 0,015-0,03g, mostly used in pills and powder. Used externally in appropriate amounts.
[Example] ①Wang reported 3 cases of heart disease poisoning caused by toadstool in 1974. Live toadstool is particularly poisonous. Post-poisoning nausea and uncomfortable. Salivation. Abdominal pain. Violent vomiting. Cold sweat all over the body. Heartburn. Restlessness. Pale face. Cold hands and feet. Unable to speak. ②Some people use toadstool bark externally. Caused urticaria with toxic myocarditis.
References
1. Peng Quan. A brief description of the toxic side effects of traditional Chinese medicine, Yunnan Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1989,4:33
2. Yang J., Adverse reactions and prevention of worm-like drugs, New TCM. 1989,8:52
171.Turtle shell
Biejia
Carapax Trionycis
[synonym] Upper nail, turtle shell, doughnut nail, turtle shell.
[Source] This product is the dorsal nail of the turtle Trionyx sinensis Wiegmann.
[Ingredient] It contains collagen, keratin, protein, iodine, vitamin D, etc.
[Efficacy and Dosage] Nourishing Yin and submerging Yang. Softening hardness and dispersing knots. Reducing fever and removing steam. Used for Yin deficiency fever. Bone vapor and strain fever. Internal movement of deficient wind. Menorrhagia. Obstruction of the intestine. Malaria. Dosage:9-24g.
[Example] ① One case of severe reaction caused by oral administration of turtle nail decoction. The patient had recurrent lumbosacral pain for 2 years. The pain increased with climate change. Diagnosed as dense osteitis of the 4th lumbar vertebra by radiograph. The lumbar spine was sacralized and the patient took 15g each of Chinese herbal medicine Wei Ling Xian and Du Zhong, 30g each of Root Searching Wind, 15g each of Lobelia Vine and Tiger Balm, 15g each of Chuan Jian and Mouse Woman, 10g each of Xian Ling Spleen, 15g of Salviae Miltiorrhiza, 2g of Money White Flower Snake (grinded and swallowed). Take 10 doses. The patient was able to walk on his own at the time of re-examination. The pain was significantly improved. However, night sweats were frequent. Added 15g of turtle nail to the original formula. He felt discomfort in the throat after taking the medicine for 5 minutes. The throat was like a fire. At 10 min there was severe pain in the abdomen. Dripping sweat. Cheeks flushed. Looks like a drunkard. Conjunctival congestion is obvious. The whole body is covered with lumps of raised rubella. Itching is unbearable. Then chest tightness and shortness of breath. Heart rate was 118 beats per minute. He was immediately sent to the emergency room. Followed up with medical history. The patient reported anaphylactic shock caused by taking a small amount of turtle meat 1 year ago. This time, he took it by mistake because he did not know that turtle shell was turtle shell. The allergy was caused again. She was cured by symptomatic and anti-allergic treatment. (2) A patient with irregular menstruation. After taking herbal medicine for 3 months, it became normal again. However, she still had enlarged liver and spleen. Treatment is to nourish Yin and clear heat. Softening the firmness and resolving the knots. Radix Rehmanniae and Radix Paeoniae each 15g, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong 6g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis 10g, Radix et Rhizoma Polygonati 12g, Radix Rehmanniae Sinensis 5g, Radix Aromaticae and Rhizoma Dioscoreae 12g each. 5 doses. About 1h after the first dose, felt tightness in the chest and itching all over the body. Did not mind. Took another half dose the next day. The above symptoms returned. Thought the decoction was improper. Decocted the other half dose. After entering the stomach, a windy mass appeared all over the body. Diagnosed as drug allergy. The patient later reported. About 2 months ago, someone told me that the hepatitis could be cured with the prescription of turtle nail, and after taking it, the symptoms were similar to this one. And more intense than this one. The irritability was very high, and was cured by anti-allergy. Then the turtle nail was removed. The rest of the medicine was still taken without reaction. So it is believed that there is no doubt that the turtle nail is allergic. (3) It has been reported that turtle meat is used to treat liver disease. Soft-shelled turtle meat is sweet and mild in nature and rich in nutrition. The folk in Jiangnan often use turtle meat to cure liver disease. It has become a popular practice. However, it is not used properly. It can also be a turtle disease. A patient with hepatitis B cirrhosis. After spleen removal, Chinese herbal medicine regimen. Weight gain. Returned to work. It was time for winter tonic. So he ate turtle meat. Initially took abdominal distension and dullness. Pan-vicious. Constipation. No attention was paid. Taken for 5 days (4 pieces). Stool was tarry in color. Fecal occult blood (++++). Ultrasound showed cirrhosis. x-ray gastrointestinal showed upper gastrointestinal bleeding and admission. Red tongue. Yellowish greasy coating. Smooth pulse. This is too much nourishment and grease. Dampness and heat. Knotted in the stomach and intestines. Damage to the veins and collaterals. Herbs: Rhubarb, Radix Panax, Radix Chuanlian, Radix Scutellariae, Radix Paeoniae Alba, Dampness, Lycopodium, Artichoke, Radix Rehmanniae, after 3 doses, the stools turned yellow. Healed in half a month. Followed up for 1 year. Avoid eating turtle meat. The disease recurred at the end. Another patient had schistosomal cirrhosis for more than 30 years. 3 years ago, he ate turtle meat in a decoction. Ascites appeared. The liver and spleen were enlarged. It subsided after taking Chinese medicine. No attention was paid. Today, he ate 3 turtle nails again. Abdominal distension and ascites has returned. Diagnosis: Sallow complexion. Stuffy chest with phlegm. Abdominal distension like a drum. Stabbing pain in the chest and hypochondrium. Dry mouth with bitterness and little urination. Red tongue. Petechiae on the sides. Yellowish greasy moss. Stringy pulse. This is due to spleen deficiency and liver stasis. And turtle meat is cold. If you eat a lot of it, the cold condenses in the spleen. Causes loss of transportation and transformation. Food accumulation is difficult to eliminate. Qi and blood_stasis is even worse. The formula uses Chai Hu, August Za, Dan Shen, Tao Ren, Red Peony, Yu Jin, Citrus Aurantium, Buddha’s Hand, Chicken’s Inner Gold, Lycopodium, Jiao Liu Qu, Jiao Shan Ballast. The symptoms decreased sharply after taking 3 doses. The ascites subsided after half a month. Followed up for 4 years. Avoid eating turtle meat. No recurrence was seen. Another patient with adenocarcinoma of the common bile duct. Better postoperative period. He went home and ate turtle meat to supplement his nutrition. Immediately after eating, he felt vague pain in the epigastrium. Itchy skin. Consecutive consumption of 4 pieces. Symptoms worsened. Jaundice deepened. Death due to hepatic coma.
References
1.Yao Shanye, A case of severe allergic reaction caused by oral administration of turtle shell decoction, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1990, (4):52
2.Wang Zhe-sheng. et al. Dissent from turtle meat for liver disease, Zhejiang Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine. 1992,(27)5:228
172, Musk
Shexiang
Moschus
[synonym] Musk navel incense, fragrant navel seeds, Yuan Cun, Dangmen, Lazi.
[Source] This product is the dried secretion from the scent sacs of the mature males of Moschus berezovskii Flerov, Moschus sifanicus Przewalski, or Moschus moschiferus Linnaeus of the deer family.
[Ingredients] This product contains volatile oil. The main component is musk ketone. It has a special and strong aroma. It also contains fat, resin, protein and inorganic salt.
[Pharmacology] This product can increase the heartbeat and respiration; a small amount can enhance the brain function. It has anesthetic effect in large amount; its water-soluble components. It has an excitatory effect on the isolated uterus of rabbits. Contractile force is enhanced. Increased rhythmic contractions. Tension rises. High doses are semi-spasmodic to spasmodic. It promotes the secretion of all glands. It has sweating and diuretic effects; inhibits the growth of porcine cholera bacillus, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in the test tube.
[Efficacy and Dosage] It opens the body and awakens the mind. Promoting blood circulation and clearing menstruation. Relieving swelling and pain. Used for fever and dizziness. Stroke and convulsion. Convulsions of Qi depression. Poisoning coma. Menstrual blockage. Difficult labor and stillbirth. Heart and abdominal pain. Canker sores and scrofula. Swelling and pain in the throat. Stumble and fall injury. Paralysis and numbness. Dosage: 0.03-0.1 g. Mostly used in pills and powder; suitable for external use.
[Example] ①Anaphylactic shock caused by musk and tiger bone paste has been reported, manifested as heartburn and chest tightness. Abdominal pain. Frequent vomiting. Allergic urticaria. Decrease in blood pressure. ②There are reports of transient glycosuria due to internal use of this product. ③One case of respiratory arrest due to musk poisoning has been reported.
References
1.Lu Jingtian, Review of drug reactions to herbal medicines, Journal of Practical Chinese Internal Medicine.
2. Yuan Huinan, Review of adverse reactions of herbal medicines, Chinese Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
3. Lv Chunlu. et al. Report of a case of respiratory arrest caused by musk poisoning, Journal of Gansu College of Traditional Chinese Medicine.