Glutamyl transpeptidase English: γ-glutamyl transpeptidase Glutamyltransferase GGT Glutamyl transpeptidase is the enzyme that catalyzes the reaction of glutamate + amino acid → glutamate + peptide. Glutamyl transpeptidase is widely distributed in human tissues, most in kidney, followed by pancreas and liver, and in embryonic stage, most in liver, where it is mainly distributed in hepatocyte plasma and intrahepatic bile duct epithelium. Therefore, when intrahepatic synthesis is hyperactive or bile excretion is blocked, GGT in serum increases.
Detection methods
Currently, IFCC and European conventional Szasz method are mainly used in China. Both of them are enzyme kinetic with γ-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-p-nitroaniline and bis-glycopeptide as substrate. GOT acts on γ-glutamyl-3-carboxy-4-p-nitroaniline and bis-glycopeptide to produce γ-a-glutamyl bis-glycopeptide and 5-amino 2-nitrate benzoate, and the absorption peak is detected at 405nm to calculate the concentration of GGT in serum.
Causes of high glutamyl transpeptidase
For the reason of high glutamyl transpeptidase, glutamyl transpeptidase has some clinical value for various hepatobiliary diseases. In most hepatobiliary diseases, its activity is incrementally elevated, but the relative ratio of its elevation to other serum enzyme activities varies in different hepatobiliary diseases.
In general, the causes of high glutamyl transpeptidase are as follows.
1.When suffering from acute viral hepatitis, the hepatocytes adjacent to the necrotic area have hyper-synthesis of cenzyme, which causes elevated serum glutamyl transpeptidase. This factor is also the most common and should not be ignored.
2, glutamyl transpeptidase is often 1-2 times higher than normal in chronic active hepatitis, and if it is elevated for a long time, it may have the tendency of liver necrosis.
3.When intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, glutamyl transpeptidase will also appear high due to obstruction of excretion of glutamyl transpeptidase and return to blood with bile.
4.Alcoholic hepatitis and alcoholic cirrhosis patients almost all have elevated glutamyl transpeptidase, which becomes an important feature of alcoholic liver disease.
5.In patients with primary or metastatic liver cancer, most of glutamyl transpeptidase is moderately or highly increased, which can be several times or even dozens of times greater than normal.
6.Early stage of primary or secondary biliary cirrhosis, elevated glutamyl transpeptidase may also appear.
7, fatty liver patients will also appear elevated glutamyl transpeptidase, but in general nutritional fatty liver, most of the serum glutamyl transpeptidase activity does not exceed two times the normal value.
Symptoms of high glutamyl transpeptidase
In general, if transaminases rise if the disease is mild, there will be no obvious symptoms; if the disease is severe, there will be: weakness, anorexia, nausea, vomiting, abdominal distension, etc.
Many tissues in the body contain transaminases, for example, myocardial infarction, myocarditis and other cardiology diseases may cause transaminases to rise. If you have biliary obstructive disease such as gallstones, you may have elevated blood transaminase levels due to biliary sludge. Liver specialists point out that if you find that your transaminases are high, don’t get too nervous and don’t worry that you have a serious liver disease, but you must also pay enough attention to it, get good rest, and receive regular review and treatment in a timely manner.
The symptoms of high glutathione transaminase some imbalance is some weakness, insomnia and dreaminess, which are to the late symptoms, affecting the liver function when some conditions, at the beginning of the patient may not have any symptoms, did not care, but later will appear weakness, poor, insomnia and dreaminess, low fever, aversion to grease, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, abdominal distension and other symptoms, this time it means affect the liver function, it is wise to try to treat hepatitis B when it has not yet affected the liver function.
Precautions for high glutamyl transpeptidase
Contraindicated
Elevated transaminase is a common clinical phenomenon in hepatitis B patients, and most patients with liver disease compare transaminase with liver function, and immediately think of the level of transaminase when liver function is mentioned. In fact, this idea is somewhat wrong, transaminase is only an indicator commonly used in clinical practice to check liver function, the normal or not of transaminase does not represent the good or bad of liver function, and the high or low of transaminase is not proportional to the state of liver function.
The hepatitis B patients in the process of treatment to find the cause of their own transaminases elevated, for the cause of symptomatic treatment, in addition, hepatitis B patients with elevated transaminases, patients should also pay attention to the usual dietary health care, hepatitis B patients with high transaminases eat what? What is good for hepatitis B patients with high aminotransferase to eat? What are the daily life taboos?
Hepatitis B patients with elevated transaminases in life should pay attention to some of the following taboos.
1, avoid spicy
The spicy food is easy to cause the digestive tract to produce moisture and heat, moisture and heat mixed, liver and gallbladder qi disorder, weakened function. Therefore, hepatitis B patients with elevated aminotransferases should avoid eating spicy products.
2, avoid smoking
The smoke contains a variety of toxic substances that can damage liver function and inhibit liver cell regeneration and repair. Therefore, hepatitis B patients with elevated aminotransferases must quit smoking.
3, avoid alcohol
Hepatitis B patients with elevated transaminases should not drink alcohol: 90% of alcohol to be metabolized in the liver, alcohol can make the normal enzyme system of liver cells is interfered with the destruction, so direct damage to liver cells, so that liver cell necrosis. Patients suffering from acute or chronic active hepatitis, even if a small amount of alcohol, will make the disease repeated or change.
4, avoid eating processed foods
Hepatitis B patients with elevated transaminases should eat less canned or bottled drinks and food. This is because canned and bottled beverages and foods often include preservatives, which are more or less toxic to the liver.
5, avoid the abuse of hormones, antibiotics
The medicine is three parts poisonous, drugs on the liver and kidneys more damage, hepatitis B patients with elevated transaminases must be under the correct guidance of doctors, reasonable use of drugs.
6, avoid the indiscriminate use of supplements
The balance of the diet is the basic condition to maintain a healthy body, hepatitis B patients with elevated transaminases if improper tonic, dysfunction of the internal organs, break the balance, will affect health.
7, avoid irregular life
”Three parts treatment seven parts nourishment”, so for hepatitis B patients with elevated aminotransferases, adequate sleep, reasonable nutrition, regular life, adhere to the morning exercise every day, the combination of work and rest is very important.
8, do not get angry gas big injury liver
Need to pay attention to the diet
In the liver function test, high transaminases indicate impaired liver function. Because transaminases mainly exist in the liver cells, when the liver cells are poisoned by toxic substances, degeneration, necrosis, poisoning, transaminases will be released into the blood, resulting in increased serum transaminases.
In the case of high aminotransferases, attention should be paid to a reasonable diet, specifically the following two points.
1, consume more mushroom food, such as fungus, shiitake mushroom, mushroom, etc., to improve immunity. Patients with high aminotransferases should also eat more high-protein foods to promote the repair and regeneration of liver cells. Fish is rich in protein and easy to digest, which is more suitable for patients with high aminotransferases.
2, patients with high aminotransferase also need to eat more fresh vegetables and fruits to supplement the vitamin content.
The danger of high glutamyl transpeptidase
The danger of high glutamyl transpeptidase is mainly manifested in the following aspects.
1.Prognosis of viral hepatitis: In acute viral hepatitis, the hepatocytes adjacent to the necrotic area have hyper-synthesis of cenzyme, causing high serum glutamyl transpeptidase. In chronic active hepatitis, glutamyl transpeptidase test value is often higher than the normal value of glutamyl transpeptidase 1 to 2 times, such as long-term elevation, may have the tendency of liver necrosis.
2.Predict hepatobiliary disease: When intrahepatic or extrahepatic bile duct obstruction, glutamyl transpeptidase excretion is obstructed, and it flows back to blood with bile, resulting in high serum glutamyl transpeptidase.
3.Prognosis of fatty liver: glutamyl transpeptidase is also often elevated in fatty liver patients, but most of the serum glutamyl transpeptidase activity does not exceed 2 times the normal value in general nutritional fatty liver.
What medicine to take to lower glutamyl transpeptidase
There are many reasons for high glutamyl transpeptidase, some of them are non-pathological and some are pathological, for the high glutamyl transpeptidase caused by non-pathological reasons, generally no medication is needed; while some of the high glutamyl transpeptidase caused by pathological reasons can be treated by enzyme lowering.
In case of high glutamyl transpeptidase, first of all, do not panic, because it may be caused by physiological reasons. It is best to go to a regular hospital after a week for a review to ensure the accuracy of the test results. If glutamyl transpeptidase is still higher than the normal value, further examination of hepatitis B five, hepatitis B HBV-DNA test, liver function test, B ultrasound test, methemoglobin test, liver puncture test should be done to fully understand the condition and finally targeted treatment.
Warm tip: please combine the specific medication with clinical, by the doctor face to face guidance shall prevail.