The kidneys play an important role in human life activities by excreting metabolic wastes, regulating body fluids, secreting endocrine hormones, regulating human blood pressure, stimulating the maturation and release of red blood cells in bone marrow, maintaining the stability of the internal environment in the body, and enabling normal metabolism. According to the latest epidemiological survey: the community prevalence of chronic kidney disease in China is as high as 11% (Beijing, Guangdong, Shanghai and other cities are close to the level of chronic kidney disease in Europe and the United States), China now has more than 1.5 million uremic patients nationwide, and the trend is rising by 120,000 to 150,000 new uremic patients every year. Uremia can only be maintained by hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis or kidney transplantation, and the cost of treatment is enormous. Due to the lack of kidney sources, less than 1/10 of uremic patients in China can undergo kidney transplantation each year, while most patients need long-term blood purification treatment to maintain life and suffer from the disease. At present, there is a high incidence of chronic kidney disease, high prevalence of concurrent cardiovascular disease and high death rate (three highs) and low awareness of chronic kidney disease, low prevention and treatment rate, and low awareness of associated cardiovascular disease (three lows) in China. Therefore, early diagnosis and early treatment of kidney disease is the key. The main causes of chronic kidney disease are chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus and hypertension, etc. Early and continuous treatment of these diseases is an effective way to prevent kidney failure. In addition, other factors that may cause kidney disease include hereditary diseases such as polycystic kidney; urinary tract obstruction due to kidney stones, tumors or enlarged prostate; recurrent urinary tract infections; systemic lupus erythematosus; systemic vasculitis; gout; painkiller nephropathy; drug kidney damage; tumors; obesity and so on. If these unfavorable factors can be removed or controlled, the development of the disease can be prevented or delayed to some extent. The early symptoms of chronic kidney disease are not obvious, and the typical manifestations of the onset may include abnormal increase or decrease in urine volume, abnormal urination, proteinuria, hematuria, lumbar pain, facial and lower limb edema, etc. Severe cases may develop to uremia. Some patients with chronic kidney disease may have no symptoms and only find the condition during routine physical examination. When renal insufficiency is manifested as decreased appetite, even nausea and vomiting; some patients experience poor concentration, memory loss, easy fatigue and increased nocturnal urination; many patients will be accompanied by increased blood pressure; in addition, it can be accompanied by anemia, osteoporosis and menstrual disorders. In addition, chronic kidney disease can increase the risk of other diseases. For example, the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathologies is tens of times higher in patients with kidney disease than in the normal population. Chronic kidney disease is highly prevalent, insidious, harmful, and difficult to cure, so prevention is important. Have you ever worried about your kidney health? Please pay more attention to the examination of kidney disease. Routine urinalysis and morning urine testing are very important; ultrasound examination can understand the size and shape of the kidney, and the presence of stones, tumors, cysts, hydronephrosis, urinary tract obstruction, congenital malformations and other lesions; kidney CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can detect small calcifications and stones that cannot be detected by ordinary X-rays, and can also assist in the diagnosis of kidney tumors, kidney tuberculosis, kidney cysts, etc.; kidney function tests can Renal function tests can measure urea nitrogen (BUN) and blood creatinine (SCr), from which endogenous creatinine clearance rate (CCr) can be calculated, and CCr can reflect the degree of glomerular filtration damage earlier. In most adults, serum creatinine begins to rise only when CCr decreases by about 50%. Chronic kidney disease can be well controlled and the progression of renal failure can be delayed through active prevention and treatment. Avoid high protein diet, especially for patients with large urine protein amount, and when they enter the stage of renal insufficiency, they should start a high quality low protein diet with daily protein intake of 0.6~0.8 g/kg body weight; actively control blood pressure. It is usually required to be below 130/80 mmHg, and can be further controlled to below 125/75 mmHg if the urine protein amount is higher than 1.0 g/day; reduce proteinuria, try to control the 24-hour urine protein amount within 1.0 g or even 0.5 g, and consider applying angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (such as Benadryl , enalapril, etc.) and/or angiotensin II receptor antagonists (e.g., colesartan, valsartan, etc.), while reducing renal hyperperfusion, hyperfiltration and hypertension; in addition to the above measures, patients with diabetic nephropathy should effectively control blood glucose. Strict control of blood glucose can slow down the development of lesions; treatment of infection, regular antibiotic treatment can help control infection, but care should be taken to avoid the use of various drugs that may damage the kidneys, especially anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs and aminoglycosides; smoking can independently increase the risk of proteinuria, and it is very important to quit smoking; dyslipidemia is also a risk factor for the occurrence of proteinuria, and regulation of blood cholesterol level is a measure to treat chronic kidney disease. The regulation of blood cholesterol level is one of the measures to treat chronic kidney disease. In conclusion, chronic kidney disease is characterized by high incidence and low awareness rate, so we must be vigilant. We should give more care to our kidneys in our daily life, have regular medical checkups, avoid the high-risk factors that can easily lead to chronic kidney disease, find out the traces of kidney disease early, and make sure to trace them to the end, make a clear diagnosis and use the right medicine. Patients with diagnosed chronic kidney disease should have a good attitude and not be pessimistic, as long as they face correctly, regular treatment, early and effective intervention to stop or delay the occurrence of uremia, they can still have a good quality of life.