Toxic diffuse goiter is a type of hyperthyroidism and is an idiosyncratic autoimmune disease. It is often referred to as Graves’ disease. It is mainly caused by an overproduction of thyroxine by the thyroid gland due to immune factors. Toxic diffuse goiter is usually a thyroid disorder caused by immune dysfunction due to genetic, infectious, autoimmune, and psychological trauma factors. These factors can cause the cells that secrete goitre to proliferate and hypertrophy, which can lead to more goitre secretion and cause goiter and hyperthyroid symptoms. This disease is one of the most common diseases that cause hyperthyroidism. The main symptoms can be wasting, easy hunger, excessive sweating, and irritability caused by a high metabolism, as well as increased heart rate, panic, chest tightness, and irregular heart rate caused by high sympathetic nerve activity in the heart. Women may experience irregular menstruation, heavy menstrual flow, and menopause. Treatment for toxic diffuse goiter usually takes the form of medication, radioactive iodine, and surgery. Medications include methimazole and propylthiouracil, which mainly reduce the production of thyroid hormones; surgery is used for patients whose goiter has compressed the adjacent airways and even affected the patient’s breathing. Viral diffuse thyroid has a certain tendency to run in families, and the incidence is much higher in women than in men, so women during pregnancy must have good thyroid function tests, because the early stages of thyroid disease have no obvious symptoms and are easily overlooked. Some thyroid disorders can lead to miscarriage and stillbirths in pregnant women, and can also affect the development of fetal intelligence. Therefore, early diagnosis and timely treatment are essential. This disease is one of the more common causes of hyperthyroidism. It needs to be treated actively after its appearance.