Interventional treatment of hepatic hemangioma

  Hepatic hemangioma (CHL) is a congenital malformation of hepatic vascular development, the etiology of which is still unclear. The study of the blood supply of CHL by Zhongrong Zhao et al. concluded that CHL is a hepatic arteriovenous malformation, which is not related to the portal vein. This provides a theoretical basis for transhepatic arterial embolization treatment.  1. Indications for CHL intervention ①Large lesions (>5 cm) with a tendency to continue to grow.  ② lesion rupture causing abdominal hemorrhage or lesion located in the subhepatic peritoneum with potential hemorrhage.  2.The principle of super-selective hepatic arterial cannulation with super-liquefied iodized oil + pinyamycin embolization for CHL ①Super-selective arterial cannulation can push iodized oil and pinyamycin liquid embolization agent directly into the abnormal hepatic blood sinusoid of CHL to play a radical effect.  Pingyangmycin is a single component A5 of bleomycin, which is a domestic anti-cancer drug. The mechanism of its treatment for CHL is that the drug accumulates in the abnormal blood sinusoid of CHL and destroys its vascular endothelial cells, causing calcification and fibrosis of the tumor to achieve the purpose of treating CHL.  (3) Iodinated oil embolization for hepatocellular carcinoma has been used in clinical practice for many years. Its efficacy in embolization of CHL is still controversial and not fully confirmed. However, it is impervious to X-rays and can be used as a vehicle to selectively bring pindamycin into the CHL blood sinuses. It is easy to monitor under fluoroscopy and prevent embolization of normal tissues by regurgitation of embolic agent.  Finally, the blood supply to the CHL was blocked by embolizing the blood supply artery with gelatin sponge particles, which further improved the efficacy of the intervention. The success rate was 90.5% in 19 out of 20 cases in this group. The efficacy was stable at a follow-up of 3-6 months. In 10 cases, the tumor size was stable at the post-treatment level without recurrence after 1 to 3 years of follow-up.  Complications and side effects of hepatic artery embolization for CHL ① Misembolization of embolic agent to other organs, 5 cases of anhydrous alcohol embolization for CHL and 1 case of emergency surgery for gallbladder necrosis due to anhydrous alcohol reflux misembolization of gallbladder have been reported. In this group, no misembolization of non-target organs was found in 20 cases. Super-selective intubation to the closest part of the tumor and slow injection of embolic agent by TV surveillance can effectively prevent this phenomenon.  Some patients may develop hypothermia and liver pain and mild abnormal liver function. Pingyangmycin is a slow process to destroy the endothelium of blood vessels, which is less irritating and has fewer side effects. Injecting 1% lidocaine, 5-10ml, before pushing embolic agent can not only relieve pain but also prevent vasospasm.  (3) Tumor >15cm, multiple blood supply, mild abnormal liver function, and age 60 or above can be treated by embolization of the main blood supply artery and multiple branch embolization. The side effects can be reduced.  When the artery supplying CHL is tortuous and super-selective intubation is difficult, phenylephrine should not be pushed, because it may cause misembolization of other organs.  The efficacy of iodinated oil alone is not certain. In the case of CHL embolization with 40% super-liquidated iodized oil alone, there was no significant change in the tumor. In cases of CHL1, no significant changes in the tumor were observed. Care must be taken to plug the needle tract with gelatin sponge pellets to prevent bleeding from the liver before the puncture needle exits the liver.  Super-selective hepatic artery cannulation with super-liquefied iodine oil + pinyamycin embolization is the treatment of choice for giant hepatic hemangioma because of its efficacy, minimal injury, few complications and low recurrence rate.