Common head and neck squamous carcinoma includes: nasal sinus cancer, oral cavity cancer, tonsil cancer, throat cancer and other malignant tumors, usually advanced head and neck squamous carcinoma is defined as a large local tumor (T3/T4), or an early local tumor (T1/T2) that has metastasized to the lymph nodes of the neck, it should be noted that the metastasis to distant sites such as lung and bone is not discussed here, so the advanced head and neck squamous carcinoma in this paper refers to a relatively limited concept. Therefore, advanced squamous head and neck cancer in this article refers to a relatively limited concept. Advanced squamous head and neck cancer is a challenging problem for surgeons or radiologists or medical oncologists treating these patients due to the large size of the tumor or metastasis in the neck. From the perspective of surgical techniques, doctors need to master the basic theories of head and neck anatomy, physiology, pathological features, and more importantly, surgical oncology skills: whole tumor resection, cervical lymph node dissection, and other techniques. Through complex and high-risk radical surgery, and postoperative radiotherapy or radiochemotherapy, about 30-40% of patients will be cured without recurrence, unfortunately most of the remaining patients still recur and die within 3-5 years. In addition, the physiological functions of the head and neck organs are important: chewing, swallowing, pronunciation, breathing, and some of these physiological functions may be affected after treatment. Although with the advancement of surgical techniques, repair techniques help surgeons to remove tumors that were impossible to remove in the past and to improve the quality of patient’s survival after surgery as much as possible, even with mature repair techniques, there is about a 5-10% failure rate, which can lead to catastrophic consequences: re-repair after months of dressing changes or even perioperative death. Another characteristic of advanced head and neck squamous carcinoma is that most have a history of prior surgical or radiotherapy treatment and tumor recurrence. In this scenario, chemotherapy is often no longer applicable due to the high damage and limited effect of re-radiotherapy and the poor effect of chemotherapy. The anatomy of the head and neck after prior surgery is different from the initial treatment, and more seriously, the blood supply to the neck tissue after prior radiotherapy is poor, and the healing ability is poor. If infection occurs after surgery, the wound will not grow and heal easily, and the carotid artery will be exposed to the infected wound, and then there is a risk of life-threatening rupture and hemorrhage of the carotid artery. Therefore, in the existing medical environment many hospitals no longer treat this kind of recurrent advanced squamous head and neck cancer. However, it is encouraging to note that previous studies suggest that if aggressive surgical salvage surgery is performed on this group of patients, approximately 30% will survive beyond 3 years after treatment, but the risk of salvage surgery is high: the risk of perioperative death is around 10%, which is a difficult situation that requires not only higher skills of the surgeon, but also higher psychological expectations and financial factors of the patient and family.