Syphilis, as a chronic and classic sexually transmitted disease, has been the focus of prevention and control in countries around the world because of its high infectiousness, multiple organ invasion, long disease duration, and general susceptibility. Before 1949, the syphilis epidemic in China was very serious, up to 40% or more in some areas. With the strict prevention and control of the country, syphilis as a sexually transmitted disease was basically eliminated in China after 1962. However, with the reform and opening up, the incidence of syphilis is increasing year by year due to increasing domestic and international exchanges. Taking the official data released as an example, 80,406 cases were reported in 1999, with an annual incidence rate of 6.50/100,000, and 327,433 cases were reported in 2009, with an annual incidence rate of 24.66/100,000, with an average annual increase of 14.3%. 109 cases of congenital syphilis were reported in 1997, with a reported incidence rate of 0.53/100,000 live births, and in 2009 In 2009, the number of reported cases of syphilis ranked third in China’s category A and B infectious diseases. High-risk groups, i.e. sex workers, men who have sex with men, and drug users, have a high rate of syphilis infection, with the highest rate of positive syphilis antibodies among sex workers reaching 30.6%. In addition, the highest rate of positive syphilis antibodies in maternal population is 11.3%, and the average is 0.5%. As the overall incidence of syphilis continues to rise, syphilis in pregnancy is also showing a great upward trend. The so-called syphilis in pregnancy refers to the infection of syphilis after pregnancy or the combined pregnancy of syphilis patients, which has become a public health problem that cannot be ignored. It is extremely dangerous, not only affecting the safety of pregnant women, but also greatly affecting the health of the fetus, which can lead to premature birth, low birth weight babies, neonatal syphilis and stillbirths, seriously affecting the health status of the mother and the next generation. The growth of syphilis in pregnancy shows several characteristics: 1, the growth rate is greatly increased: before 1990, the prevalence of syphilis in pregnant women in China was just under 1%, but in just over 20 years has increased dozens of times. 2, the proportion of latent syphilis accounted for the vast majority: generally are more than 90%. Because of the characteristics of this insidious onset, there are often clinical cases of misdiagnosis and omission, which greatly affect the prognosis of pregnant women and perinatal children. Therefore, it is very important for women of childbearing age to take the initiative to receive premarital examination, or to take syphilis laboratory examination as a routine screening for preconception examination, for early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of syphilis during pregnancy. 3, the population distribution tends to be low educated, no formal job, 20-39 years old sexually active pregnant women. It is possible that the low social status, high mobility, lack of appropriate health knowledge and lack of attention to their own reproductive health have led to the increase of syphilis infection rate in this group. Therefore, the necessary social publicity, popularization of premarital sexual health education, and active acceptance of premarital examination can play an effective means of prevention and treatment.