Traditional Chinese medicine, which has its roots in the long and flourishing culture of China, has continued to develop to this day with its precise clinical efficacy and has never failed. In recent decades, as the world returns to nature and seeks effective drugs from natural plants and minerals to prevent and treat diseases, traditional Chinese medicine has attracted the attention of the world because of its broad theoretical connotation and rich natural drug resources. Traditional Chinese medicine regards the human body as a part of the natural world, and its physiological and pathological changes follow the laws of natural yin and yang changes and dense qi flow. The main way of treating diseases is to diagnose the “disease” according to clinical symptoms and causes, to summarize the “evidence” (the state of imbalance of yin and yang of the organism in a specific time and space) through the four diagnoses, and to use the yin and yang properties of natural medicine (cold and heat, elevation, moistening and drying, etc.) to To correct the imbalance of yin and yang in the body and bring it to a new state of balance. This model of holistic diagnosis and treatment still shows vigorous vitality today. With the development and popularization of modern medicine and changes in the spectrum of human diseases, traditional Chinese medicine has gradually reduced or lost some of its therapeutic advantages in the face of rapidly developing modern medicine, such as tuberculosis, bacterial infectious diseases, and even the combined treatment of myocardial infarction in coronary heart disease, whose advantages of reducing complications and improving survival rates have been evenly divided by modern medicine’s thrombolytic therapy and interventional treatment measures. Therefore, how to improve the clinical efficacy of TCM and continue to maintain and give full play to the clinical advantages of traditional TCM has become a key issue in the development of TCM. I. Combined treatment of diseases and prescriptions and use of drugs The identification of diseases and evidence-based treatment is the essence of traditional Chinese medicine, which is the clinical operation system guided by the basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Since the “disease” in traditional Chinese medicine is mostly named according to clinical symptoms or causes, and the identification of Chinese medical evidence is a “black box model” comprehensive induction process, so the perspective and level of understanding and the subjective judgment ability of the practitioner are different, the diagnosed disease and the derived “evidence” will be different. Therefore, with different perspectives, levels of understanding and subjective judgment of the practitioner, the diagnosed disease and the resulting “evidence” will vary greatly, and the corresponding theory, method, prescription and medicine will appear to be flexible and diverse, with no Chinese rope to base on. To a certain extent, the accuracy of the diagnosis and the appropriate treatment depends on the doctor’s theoretical level of Chinese medicine and the accumulation of clinical experience, that is, the so-called “doctor’s will”, so that scholars have the feeling of “profound and inexplicable”. Therefore, there is an urgent need for TCM clinics to develop certain scientific norms for the identification and treatment of diseases and evidence, including clear boundaries and descriptions of the characteristics and connotations of “diseases” and “evidence”. Recently, domestic scholars have standardized the “disease names” in TCM and explored the criteria of “evidence” in various aspects, such as “chest paralysis and heart pain” and “blood stasis”. However, this research has not yet been universally accepted and cannot meet the clinical needs. Under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theories, the organic combination of Chinese medicine diseases and modern clinics, so that the diagnosis of symptoms can be deepened to quantitative and microscopic levels on the basis of qualitative criteria, and objective criteria can be formulated according to the clinics, so that the treatment and efficacy of Chinese medicine can be based on the criteria, which is an important work for Chinese medicine clinics. The characteristics of TCM clinical prescriptions and medicines are to follow the characteristics of the disease location and internal organs, to adjust the imbalance of yin and yang of the body, and always pay attention to the movement, cold and temperature, rise and fall because of the use of each other. It is different from Western medicine, which reverses, supplements, counteracts and corrects the pathological changes detected by physical and chemical means. Many treatments in TCM, such as helping to dispel evil, lifting and lowering qi, promoting lung and asthma, and regulating qi and blood, all take into account both sides of the contradiction to adjust the balance of yin and yang, so that qi and blood can restore the nature of harmony. Therefore, the clinical use of Chinese medicine focuses on the yin and yang properties of natural drugs that ascend, descend, float, and sink, not only on the efficacy of Chinese medicine. The use of prescriptions is closely related to the identification and treatment of diseases and evidence. The identification and treatment of diseases and evidence is to use the overall theory of Chinese medicine, the theory of qi and blood, the theory of yin and yang and the five elements and the four diagnostic methods to identify the nature of diseases and establish the corresponding treatment method; the use of prescriptions is to use the treatment method as a guide to collect the properties and functions of Chinese medicine into a “prescription” corresponding to this treatment method. Obviously, the combination of such “prescriptions” should be in line with Chinese medicine’s understanding of disease mechanism and the theory of biochemistry of yin and yang qi and blood. For example, in the formula for the treatment of heart qi and yin deficiency, heart palpitations and pulse knotting, the combination of Gui Zhi in the formula for benefiting qi and nourishing yin is used to promote heart qi and harmonize blood vessels, which is in accordance with the characteristics of the heart as the main blood vessel; in the formula for calming the liver and quenching wind, which is used to treat hyperactive liver yang and headache, the combination of Yin Chen and Ma Ma Ma is used to pacify the liver and subdue yang, which are endowed with qi in March of the Yang Spring. These two herbs are endowed with qi in the spring of Yang and their qi is mainly ascending and dispersing, which is in accordance with the characteristic of the liver’s tendency to flow, and contains the theory of ascending before descending; in the formula for Tonifying Zhong Yi Qi Tang, combining Angelica sinensis and Chen Pi is used to treat the sinking of middle qi. Angelica Sinensis enters the twelve meridians to nourish the blood and invigorate the blood, so that the blood vessels are in their place; Chen Pi mediates the qi flow in the middle jiao, so that the qi and blood depend on each other and ascend and descend. This is the essence of TCM prescriptions and the key to improve clinical efficacy. If we only emphasize the efficacy of TCM prescriptions and medicines, or even focus on the mechanism of action proved by modern pharmacological research, but neglect the guiding role of TCM theory of yin and yang, qi and blood biochemistry in the combination of disease and evidence identification and treatment, and the prescription and use of medicines, we cannot master the skills of TCM prescription and use of medicines, let alone improve the clinical efficacy of TCM. Second, according to the traditional theory, the identification of disease phenomenon The identification of disease cause, disease mechanism, disease location and disease situation is the premise of disease prevention and treatment. Although the methods, angles and levels of disease recognition in Chinese medicine and Western medicine are different, the establishment of their treatment methods is based on the identification of the causes and pathologies that cause the occurrence and development of diseases, and the therapeutic effects of diseases also vary greatly depending on the levels, angles and depths of disease recognition, and the therapeutic effects can be improved as the level of recognition deepens. Traditional Chinese medicine focuses on the overall and macroscopic understanding of diseases, and the external and internal aspects of the disease, and detects and deduces the cause, nature and location of the disease through the external signs and symptoms of the disease according to its own theoretical system. Because this kind of thinking and reasoning is based on repeated clinical practice, its ability to judge the disease nature, location and situation of the disease can also be sublimated in the process of repeated practice, and the treatment effect corresponding to this understanding can also produce quantitative progress and qualitative leap. For example, before the Tang and Song dynasties, the understanding of “stroke” was mainly based on the doctrine of “external wind” and the theory of “internal deficiency of evil”; after the Tang and Song dynasties, especially the Jin and Yuan dynasties, the theory of “internal wind” was highlighted. After the Tang and Song dynasties, especially the Jin and Yuan dynasties, the theory of “internal wind” was emphasized, and the concept of “classical middle” was put forward; in the Qing dynasty, Wang Qingren specialized in the theory of qi deficiency, believing that it was due to the deficiency of vital energy in the half of the body, the absence of qi in the meridians and the blockage of blood stasis in the veins. With the deepening of understanding, it brought about changes in treatment methods and improvement in clinical efficacy. Others, such as the understanding of exopathic diseases, the understanding of infectious diseases and epidemic viruses and the establishment of damp-heat, have all brought new breakthroughs in the treatment of related diseases. The holistic, macroscopic, external and internal clinical thinking approach of traditional Chinese medicine is still worthy of our reference. The understanding of disease is a process of repeated clinical practice, gradually deepening to a correct and comprehensive grasp of the essence of the disease. Especially for some major diseases, it is impossible not to have a biased or wrong understanding of the disease due to various objective conditions and subjective consciousness at the beginning. According to the theoretical system of TCM, it is still one of the important methods to improve the clinical efficacy by identifying the symptoms of the disease that are clinically manifested outside and then thinking about the causes and mechanisms of the disease, without adhering to the views of the ancients. This is mainly reflected in the following aspects: ① According to the manifestation of the disease, the pathological mechanism has not been recognized by the previous people: for example, the recognition of cerebral hemorrhage (in the internal organs), more than 80% of patients have symptoms such as constipation, dizziness and headache. Accordingly, many scholars believe that the pathological mechanism is Yangming heat knot, wind and Yang phlegm and fire in the upper, the treatment should be taken from the upper disease to the lower, pass its internal qi, with Xiao Cheng Qi combined with antelope horn and hooked vine soup or San Hua Tang plus flavor (rhubarb, Citrus aurantium, Hou Pu, Qiang Wu, An Gong Niu Huang Wan) to treat the stool to pass, the qi and blood can be lowered, phlegm and fire can be dispersed, the internal organs of the Yuan Shen naturally clear. The clinical reduction of mortality and disability rate has received good results; rheumatoid arthritis (paralysis), the effect of treatment with three paralysis is often not good. Because of its clinical characteristics such as bone and iliac degeneration, stiffness, and heavy pain at night, the clinical efficacy has been improved by legislating from warming the liver and kidneys, dispelling wind and cold to resolve dampness, activating blood circulation and relieving pain; ② According to the ancient understanding of the etiology of the disease, reflecting on its treatment prescriptions: such as diabetes mellitus (thirst), the ancients were mostly treated with three elimination, because the clinical “three elimination” symptoms are mixed with each other. Recently, the treatment is mostly based on the theory of Yin deficiency and dryness and heat, and the three eliminations rule. In the Nei Jing, it is said that the pathogenesis of the disease is “two yang knots of heat”. For thirst, hunger, and excessive drinking of Yang Ming heat, Bai Hu Tang or Ren Ren attended Bai Hu Tang is used to clear heat and generate fluid. The two yang junctional heat is not Yangming meridian heat, and Bai Hu Tang is used for meridian heat, while Da Huang Huang Lian Di Xin Tang is used for junctional heat. Therefore, in the treatment of thirst, thirsty, drinkable, and hungry, on the basis of nourishing Yin and clearing heat, combining with Da Huang and Huang Lian, so that the junctional heat (depression heat) is dispelled and the fluid is restored, the clinical symptoms can be significantly improved; ③ Breakthrough the traditional theoretical framework: the introduction of new theories often brings a series of changes in treatment methodology, the theory of “internal wind” in the etiology of stroke, the warm disease The development of the “internal wind” theory of stroke etiology and the understanding of the “Wei-Qi-Ying-Blood” and “San-Jiao discriminatory evidence” of the School of Warm Diseases have brought methodological breakthroughs to clinical treatment. In recent years, the theory of truncated reversal in the treatment of warm diseases has broken through the theoretical framework that traditional Chinese medicine can only clear the Qi when it reaches the Qi, and can transform the Qi when it enters the Ying, while entering the Blood is afraid of depleting the Blood and moving it, so it must cool the Blood and disperse it, making a great progress in the treatment of warm-heat diseases in Chinese medicine. In the twenty-first century, when science is highly developed, how to incorporate modern science and technology into the theoretical system of TCM, and how to recognize new problems and phenomena observed by modern science and technology under the guidance of the basic theory of TCM, is the key issue in the development of TCM, and also the key to the improvement of clinical efficacy of TCM and the promotion of clinical application. The rapid development of modern medicine is due to its ability to closely connect with the development of modern science, and to integrate the new technical methods of ready-made science into the study of clinical basis. The discovery of microorganisms and the production of antimicrobial agents have brought about a qualitative change in the treatment effect of infectious diseases; the development of imaging in recent times has provided technical and methodological support for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular interventional treatment, resulting in a substantial decrease in the mortality rate and complication rate of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular thrombotic obstructive diseases. Modern science and technology is the crystallization of human wisdom, and modern medicine has been applied to its own research and has gained rapid development. There is no reason for TCM to be stagnant and to revel in the fact that its macroscopic, vague and discursive concepts contain some of the ideas and consciousness of modern science. In the past decade or so, domestic educated people have proposed “to promote the modern development of TCM”, to use modern science and technology to study TCM and develop TCM, to confirm the “scientific” existence of TCM theories and prescriptions, and to make the vague concepts of traditional TCM in diagnosis and treatment In order to promote clinical application, we have made some progress. For example, in the study of spleen deficiency, we have studied the rate of spleen deficiency in more than 10 animal models of 10 diseases, the standardization of symptoms and their pathophysiological mechanisms, and have elucidated the mechanism of spleen deficiency at different levels, including the overall organ and cellular-molecular levels, and have also explored the spleen’s main function of transportation, the spleen’s main function of blood control and the spleen’s spleen’s subluxation. Scholars have worked on microcirculation, blood rheology, platelet function, organ blood flow, prostacyclin and thromboxane metabolism, vascular endothelial function, and gene and protein expression, etc. Combined with traditional Chinese medicine’s understanding of blood stasis evidence, they have developed diagnostic criteria for blood stasis evidence and blood stasis evidence for certain diseases, comparatively studied the effects of commonly used blood stasis remedies, broadened the indications for blood stasis remedies in Chinese medicine, and improved the clinical diagnosis of many diseases. This has broadened the indications for blood circulation and blood stasis prescriptions in TCM and improved the clinical efficacy of many diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, tumors, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and renal diseases. Another aspect that promotes the modern development of TCM, in my opinion, is how to use modern science and technology to extend one’s horizon and recognize the physiopathological phenomena observed by modern science and technology and methods. This is more valuable than using modern science and technology to confirm the scientific nature of TCM for the development of TCM and the improvement of clinical efficacy, and the two can complement each other. For example, with the development of modern imaging such as CT and MRI, the diagnosis of cerebral hemorrhage is considered to be “blood away from the meridian” and “stasis of blood” according to traditional theory, which breaks the taboo of avoiding the use of blood-activating and stasis-removing drugs for cerebral hemorrhage. Many studies have reported better effects in relieving the compression reaction of the hematoma on the surrounding tissues, relieving or eliminating the edema of the brain tissue around the hematoma, and improving the ischemia and hypoxia of the cerebral nerve tissues, etc., and have clinically shown better effects than the previous treatment of cooling the blood and stopping the bleeding. Although uremia is mostly manifested as puffiness, pallor, low urine and other symptoms of Yang deficiency and water flooding, but because of the accumulation of toxic metabolites, Chinese medicine considers it to be internal stagnation of turbid toxins, so clinical use of rhubarb to laxate turbid toxins is often used; patients with cardiac insufficiency, especially those with pulmonary heart failure, because of intestinal mucous membrane edema and blood circulation stagnation, Chinese medicine considers it to be stasis of blood and intestinal stagnation, so the use of rhubarb to laxate and expel stagnation has received better results in clinical practice. In other cases, such as internal organ cysts, hemangiomas, and nodules, there are also clinical reports on the effectiveness of legislative treatment from phlegm and stasis. From the use of modern science and technology to confirm the scientific nature of TCM academics and from the traditional theory of TCM to understand the physiological and pathological phenomena observed by modern science and technology, the two aspects are combined to conduct objective and standardized research on “evidence” and “efficacy criteria”, and at the same time, to conduct the exploration of the mechanism of action of TCM prescriptions and medicines. It should be an urgent problem for modern TCM clinics to explore the mechanism of action of prescriptions and medicines, broaden the scope of use of traditional prescriptions and medicines, and improve their relevance. Since the 1980s, modern formulation, pharmacological and pharmacological techniques have been applied to the research of TCM prescriptions, and progress has been made in many aspects. For example, research on prescriptions for activating blood circulation and resolving blood stasis, and prescriptions for tonifying the kidney have broadened the scope of clinical use and increased the relevance of medication. The research of certain prescriptions has also discovered new effects, such as heliotrope elevating blood pressure, anti-shock, and treating deficiency and subsidence of middle qi, codonopsis invigorating blood circulation and resolving blood stasis, Xianling spleen anti-myocardial ischemia, and Huang Lian and angelica peony soup for treating senile dementia. However, compared with the needs of modern TCM clinical practice, the research of TCM prescriptions is still weak and lagging behind in many aspects, such as the mechanism of interaction between TCM compound drugs, the metabolic process in the body, the objective evaluation of drug action and the optimization of TCM preparation dosage forms, which seriously affects the clinical efficacy of TCM. Traditional Chinese medicine has its own unique pharmacological theories and methods of prescription selection and use. Modern pharmacological research on compounding proves that the combination of drugs in a Chinese medicine compound has its own special material basis and mechanism of interaction, and the pharmacological effect of the compound is not equal to the simple addition of the effects of the drugs. The pharmacological effects of compound prescriptions are not equal to the simple addition of the effects of the drugs. The combination of the three herbs can increase the strength and duration of myocardial contraction and increase the blood pressure more than that of the single herb, and the side effects of ectopic arrhythmia caused by the herb can also be reduced. The side effects of ectopic arrhythmias caused by Radix et Rhizoma can be reduced, indicating that there is a synergistic relationship between the adjuvant and the ruling drug to increase their effectiveness and monitor their toxicity. In Wu Zhuyu Tang, Wu Zhuyu has an antiemetic and anti-vomiting effect, ginger can synergize its effect and increase its toxicity, ginseng and jujube can increase the anti-vomiting effect of the whole formula, jujube can reduce the toxicity of Wu Zhuyu, the pharmacological effect of the four flavors of the whole formula is the strongest and the toxicity is the least with the original ratio, which indicates the scientific nature of the formula. This indicates that the adjuvants have an important influence on the efficacy of the whole formula. Due to the complexity of the components of the compound Chinese medicine, it is difficult to quantitatively analyze the mechanism of interaction and metabolic changes in the body of Chinese medicine. However, using the modern quantitative pharmacology principle, taking the pharmacological effect as an indicator and the theory of “formula evidence” in Chinese medicine as a guide, it is important to study the mechanism of drug action and changes in the addition and subtraction of the compound Chinese medicine, which is of great significance to guide the clinical use of the formula. It is important to guide the clinical use of prescriptions. How to improve the clinical efficacy of TCM is a comprehensive problem involving the inheritance and development of basic theories of TCM and pharmacological theories, the improvement of TCM diagnosis, and the development of TCM preparations. How to introduce modern scientific and technological methods under the guidance of traditional TCM theory, broaden and extend the diagnostic horizon, explore the laws of disease prevention and treatment, and make the diagnosis and treatment of TCM clinical scientific and standardized is an important step to improve the clinical efficacy of TCM.