There are many causes of swollen lymph nodes on both sides of the neck, including some benign diseases and some malignant diseases. Benign diseases are mainly various kinds of infections, such as viral infections, which are often self-limiting and do not require additional treatment; or bacterial infections, which should be promptly treated with antibacterial therapy, such as oral antibiotics; or parasitic infections, which should be treated with anti-parasitic therapy. The most important malignant disease to be investigated is lymphoma. If it is determined that the swelling of lymph nodes is caused by lymphoma, then timely chemotherapy for lymphoma should be administered; there may also be some malignant diseases and lymph nodes metastasis causing swelling of lymph nodes in the neck, then the targeted treatment for these malignant diseases should also be administered.