Viral hepatitis B (hepatitis B) can progress to cirrhosis and liver cancer as the disease evolves, seriously endangering public health and becoming a global public health problem and social issue. The national hepatitis B survey shows that the prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection among people aged 1-59 years is 7.18%, and the prevalence of HBV infection among people aged 1-4 years is 0.96%. Common risk factors for hepatitis B virus infection are as follows: 1. Unvaccinated. Some studies have reported that children who have not been vaccinated against hepatitis B are 42 times more likely to be infected with HBV than those who have been vaccinated against hepatitis B. Since there is no special treatment for hepatitis B, vaccination against hepatitis B is an important measure to reduce the rate of hepatitis B infection and to pre-treat hepatitis B. 2. Have a family history of hepatitis B and close contact with hepatitis B patients. A number of studies have confirmed the existence of family aggregation of hepatitis B infection, mother-to-child transmission, close contact transmission in daily life may be the main cause. 3, traumatic cosmetic. Traumatic cosmetic surgery such as tattooing, ear piercing, etc. can cause skin and mucous membrane damage, once the apparatus is not strictly sterilized, easy to infect a variety of viruses. At present, some private dental clinics or beauty salons in poor conditions, in order to save costs, some medical equipment without strict sterilization repeatedly used, to create the conditions for the spread of hepatitis B epidemic. 4, multiple blood transfusions. Blood transmission is an important way of hepatitis B transmission. With the blood collection agencies to collect blood products requirements continue to improve, its role in the transmission of HBV in our population will gradually diminish, but still can not be ignored. Blood product management should strengthen the supervision of this area and the screening of blood donors to reduce the possibility of HBV infection due to blood transfusion. 5. Shared razors. Several studies have confirmed that sharing razors is also a risky behavior for hepatitis B virus infection. Therefore, a healthy lifestyle should be promoted, good hygiene habits, and not sharing personal items with others, thus reducing the risk of HBV infection.