Stage 1: Old-fashioned “biliary stone retrieval” traditional open abdomen, cut open the gallbladder to remove the stones and then suture the gallbladder closed. Therefore, the operation is performed under the naked eye, leaving a “blind spot” where tiny stones cannot be detected, thus increasing the residual rate of stones in the gallbladder, which is called “blind” stone extraction. The so-called “high recurrence rate” is actually a high residual rate. It is traumatic and slow to recover, so it has long been eliminated. Stage 2: Percutaneous cholecystoscopic “biliary stone retrieval” The percutaneous cholecystocentesis is performed under ultrasound guidance, then the needle is enlarged and inserted into the cholecystoscope to the gallbladder, and the stones are crushed with ultrasound under the direct vision of the cholecystoscope and aspirated. The residual rate is extremely high and has been eliminated. Stage 3: Extracorporeal (shock wave) shock wave lithotripsy This stage of extracorporeal lithotripsy only crushes stones but not removes them. In addition, the anatomy of the biliary tract has its own peculiarities, completely different from the anatomical structure of the urinary system. Stage 4: Minimally invasive fiberoptic choledochoscopy for bile stone extraction This is a more advanced “bile stone extraction” procedure. It can remove stones from the gallbladder under the direct vision of fiberoptic choledochoscope, which can achieve high stone removal rate, small trauma and fast recovery while preserving gallbladder, and effectively reduce the recurrence rate of gallstones. Stage 5: New endoscopic minimally invasive biliary lithotripsy The process is similar to fiberoptic choledochoscopy minimally invasive biliary lithotripsy, but the difference is that the combined application of soft and hard choledochoscopes can remove stones and polyps cleanly; it can detect and effectively deal with submucosal gallbladder stones; new endoscopic minimally invasive biliary lithotripsy: neither simple nor mysterious, simplification and mystification are both wrong. Stone extraction is the means and gallbladder preservation is the goal, which fully embodies the medical concept of “human-centered and human health-centered”.