China is a highly endemic area for hepatitis B (hereafter referred to as hepatitis B), and the national average rate of hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) carriage is about 7.18% (about 96 million surface antigen carriers, including about 21 million cases of chronic hepatitis B), and hepatitis B virus infection is an important cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis and primary liver cancer. Vaccination against hepatitis B is the most effective way to prevent HBV infection. The targets of hepatitis B vaccination are mainly newborns, followed by infants and children, unimmunized people under 15 years old and high-risk groups (such as medical personnel, people who are often exposed to blood, workers in childcare institutions, organ transplant patients, people who often receive blood transfusions or blood products, people with low immune function, people prone to trauma, family members of HBsAg-positive people, male homosexuals, people with multiple sexual partners and intravenous drug users). The hepatitis B vaccine is required to be administered for 3 weeks.) Three doses of hepatitis B vaccine are required for the whole course, according to the 0, 1 and 6 months procedure, i.e., after the first vaccination, the second and third doses are given at intervals of 1 month and 6 months. Hepatitis B vaccination for newborns is required within 24 hours of birth, the earlier the better. Vaccination sites: intramuscular injection in the upper outer gluteal region for newborns, and intramuscular injection in the middle deltoid for children and adults. The blockage rate of mother-to-child transmission with hepatitis B vaccine alone is 87.8%. Newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers should be immunized within 24 h of birth (preferably 12 h after birth).
The newborns of HBsAg-positive mothers should be given hepatitis B immunoglobulin (HBIG) at a dose of ≥100 IU and 10 μg of recombinant yeast or 20 μg of Chinese hamster oocytes at different sites.
(CHO) hepatitis B vaccine at different sites. A second and third dose of the same hepatitis B vaccine at 1 month and 6 months of age, respectively, significantly improves the effectiveness of interruption of mother-to-child transmission. One dose of HBIG can also be given within 12 h after birth and one month after birth, and one dose of 10 μg recombinant yeast or 20 μg recombinant yeast can be given at different sites at the same time.
μg of recombinant yeast or 20 μg of CHO hepatitis B vaccine at different sites, followed by a third separate dose of hepatitis B vaccine at 6 months of life. Newborns were given HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine within 12
h after HBIG and hepatitis B vaccine injection, can receive breastfeeding from HBsAg-positive mothers. Newborns of HBsAg-negative mothers can be immunized with 5 μg or 10 μg recombinant yeast or 10 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine; children who did not receive hepatitis B vaccine during the neonatal period should be promptly vaccinated with a catch-up dose of 5 μg or 10 μg recombinant yeast or 10 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine For adults, 20 μg recombinant yeast or 20 μg CHO hepatitis B vaccine. For those who are immunocompromised or non-responders, the vaccination dose (e.g. 60 μg CHO vaccine) and number of doses should be increased; for those who do not respond to the 3 full doses of immunization, 3 more full doses can be administered and the anti-HBs in the serum should be tested 1-2 months after the second full dose of hepatitis B vaccine, and if there is still no response, another 60 μg recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine can be administered. The protective effect of hepatitis B vaccination for those with antibody response generally lasts for 12 years, therefore, anti-HBs monitoring or booster immunization is not required for the general population. However, anti-HBs monitoring can be performed in high-risk groups, and if anti-HBs is <10mIU/mL, booster immunization can be given by another dose of 10μg recombinant yeast or 10μg
CHO hepatitis B vaccine for immunization.