As a clinician, we need to give full consideration to the long-term benefits of patient treatment, so with regard to the two major classes of drugs for hepatitis B antiviral therapy, interferon and nucleoside analogues, I can say that I am “fond” of interferon and have always recommended two “first choices” to patients “The first choice for patients with indications for interferon and no absolute contraindications is interferon therapy; 2. for those who cannot or do not want to receive interferon therapy, the first choice is the potent, rapid, low resistance nucleoside antiviral therapy. This also responds to the recommendation of the 2013 UK NICE guideline on antiviral treatment for hepatitis B. It is a guideline formulated by the equivalent of China’s health insurance department, and although it is not formulated by the medical association, because it fully considers the economic benefits of different drug treatments for the long-term health benefits of patients, it should be said to be quite scientific and reasonable, and it has a very important significance for the rational clinical use of drugs. It has a very important guiding significance for the rational clinical use of drugs. We know that nucleoside analogs act on viral reverse transcriptase, which only has the effect of inhibiting viral replication and can make the virus in the blood turn negative, but it has no effect on the “virus seed” (HBVcccDNA) in the liver cells, which is clinically manifested in the patient’s quantitative HBsAg and/or HBeAg quantification of the five hepatitis B items. Therefore, if the patients themselves do not have sufficient immune control, most of the nucleoside analogs will relapse after discontinuation, so that patients need to take drugs for a long time or even for life, and in the process of their long-term medication, due to the high degree of viral mutation, will be screened for its resistant strains of viruses, eventually leading to drug resistance; this antiviral process, if the virus replication is quickly controlled, its viral This antiviral process, if viral replication is rapidly controlled, the possibility of viral resistance variation caused by the replication process is greatly reduced, and if the drug has a higher resistance gene barrier, which means more loci of action, the smaller the possibility of multi-locus variation of the virus at the same time, and the lower the possibility of drug resistance; and once a nucleoside drug is resistant, it will affect the occurrence of resistance to other drugs; severe hepatitis caused by drug discontinuation or resistance has a worse clinical outcome than that occurring in the natural state Since severe hepatitis caused by drug withdrawal or resistance has a worse clinical prognosis than severe hepatitis occurring in the natural state, once drug resistance occurs, it often brings serious health hazards and makes the subsequent selection of drugs difficult, which is why we recommend rapid, potent and low resistance drugs when applying nucleoside analogues. Interferon is an immunomodulatory drug, which not only has the effect of inhibiting viral replication, but more importantly, it has an immunomodulatory effect, which can minimize or remove the “viral seeds” (HBVcccDNA) in liver cells through the intervention of the immune system. This also determines the low relapse rate after discontinuation in patients with effective treatment, therefore, if it is effective, it can make patients’ disease get stable control within a limited course of treatment and can be discontinued; at the same time, due to its different action sites, it will not It can be used repeatedly and irregularly without affecting the development of viral resistance; in addition, a 15-year clinical study in Taiwan showed that the incidence of long-term cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma was lower in the interferon treatment group than in those who did not undergo antiviral treatment, even if the antiviral treatment was ineffective; it has the potential benefit of both anti-liver fibrosis and reduction of primary liver cancer; therefore, Interferon therapy has many advantages compared to nucleoside analogues for hepatitis B, such as short course, no drug resistance, less relapse, less cost, and large long-term benefit, which determines why interferon is still recommended by several guidelines as the first choice for patients so far, although its overall treatment efficiency is not high.