Blood, mother-to-child and sexual contact are the three main routes of hepatitis B virus transmission, and the most important factor affecting the chronicity of the disease is the age at the time of infection. If the hepatitis B virus is contracted during the perinatal period, 90% will develop into chronic infection, while only 5-10% will develop into chronic infection if contracted after the age of 5. Hepatitis B vaccination is the most effective way to prevent hepatitis B virus infection, but the incident of Kangtai hepatitis B vaccine has triggered a crisis of confidence among parents of newborns, resulting in a decreasing trend of hepatitis B vaccination rate among newborns; although the safety risks of hepatitis B vaccine have been eliminated, public trust in hepatitis B vaccine is still seriously undermined, and the targets of hepatitis B vaccination are mainly newborns and infants, in order to reduce the rate of hepatitis B In order to reduce the rate of hepatitis B surface antigen carriage, it is urgent to increase the rate of hepatitis B vaccination. The correct understanding and rational role of hepatitis B vaccine is an important solution to the crisis of trust in hepatitis B vaccination for newborns. The first step is to choose the appropriate target group for vaccination. The target group for hepatitis B vaccination is mainly newborns, followed by infants and young children, unimmunized people under 15 years old and high-risk groups (such as medical personnel, people with frequent contact with blood, staff of childcare institutions, organ transplant patients, frequent recipients of blood transfusion or blood products, people with low immune function, people prone to trauma, family members of HBsAg-positive people, men Secondly, the appropriate dose should be used. The dose of hepatitis B vaccine is 10-20 μg/dose, 10 μg if using recombinant yeast hepatitis B vaccine and 20 μg if using Chinese hamster oocyte hepatitis B vaccine; Thirdly, the vaccination site and method should be used. For children and adults, the vaccination site is in the middle deltoid muscle of the upper arm, and the method of hepatitis B vaccination is intramuscular injection, because there are more fatty tissues in the buttocks and fewer immunologically active cells, and the buttock injection is not able to inject the vaccine into the muscle, and the antibody titer produced after the injection is low and decreases quickly, while the antibody titer of those vaccinated in the deltoid muscle of the upper arm is 17 times higher than that of those vaccinated in the buttocks; therefore, at present, children and adults are vaccinated with the hepatitis B vaccine. Fourth, the vaccination procedure is generally 0, 1 and 6 months, i.e., after the first vaccination, the second and third vaccinations are given at intervals of 1 and 6 months. Newborn babies should be vaccinated within 24 hours after birth and the earlier the better. Fifthly, hepatitis B vaccination for special groups of people, the babies of pregnant women with HBsAg negative hepatitis B can be effectively prevented from hepatitis B virus infection by completing hepatitis B vaccination only according to the procedures of 0, 1 and 6 months, and there is no need to add hepatitis B immunoglobulin. In contrast, infants of pregnant women with HBsAg-positive hepatitis B should also be vaccinated according to the 0, 1 and 6 months procedures, and 100-200 IU of hepatitis B immunoglobulin should be added to the vaccination within 12 hours of birth. Sixth, people who are accidentally exposed to hepatitis B virus, such as accidentally being pricked by a needle contaminated with HBsAg-positive blood from hepatitis B vaccine, or being splashed with HBsAg-positive blood on the conjunctiva of the eyes or mucous membrane of the mouth, or inputting HBsAg-positive blood, should be vaccinated with hepatitis B vaccine immediately. If you have been vaccinated against hepatitis B and have known anti-HBs ≥10mIU/ml, you do not need to receive hepatitis B vaccination. If you have not received hepatitis B vaccine, or if you have received hepatitis B vaccine but the anti-HBs is <10mIU/ml or the level of anti-HBs is unknown, you should immediately inject 200-400IU of HBIG and receive one dose of hepatitis B vaccine (20μg) at different sites at the same time, and receive the second and third doses of hepatitis B vaccine at 20μg after 1 and 6 months, respectively. Hepatitis B vaccine has been observed for many years The hepatitis B vaccine has been proven to be safe and effective, and its rational application plays an important role in the prevention and control of hepatitis B. A safe, effective and adequate dose of hepatitis B vaccine will play a decisive role in controlling the spread of hepatitis B virus; despite the safety and effectiveness of the hepatitis B vaccine, persons with known allergy to any of the components contained in the hepatitis B vaccine, including excipients and formaldehyde; persons suffering from acute diseases, serious chronic diseases, acute exacerbation of chronic diseases The use of hepatitis B vaccine should be prohibited for those who suffer from uncontrolled epilepsy and other progressive neurological diseases; at the same time, hepatitis B vaccine should be carefully inspected before vaccination, and any hepatitis B vaccine with no label or unclear label, expired, discolored, contaminated, moldy, shaken clots or foreign bodies, or cracked ampoules should not be used, and finally, after vaccination, hepatitis B vaccine should be observed at the scene for 20-30 minutes to observe any abnormal After the last vaccination, the vaccine should be observed on site for 20-30 minutes to see if there are any abnormal reactions, so that the adverse reactions can be found in time for early diagnosis and timely treatment.