The distinction between normal depression and pathological depression can be made from the following aspects: 1. In contrast, depression usually arises for no reason, lacking objective mental stress conditions, or despite the presence of adverse mental stimuli, there is often an unhappiness that is difficult for outsiders to understand, giving people the feeling of “making a big deal out of it”. 2.Duration (duration): The general mood changes have a certain time limit, usually short-term, and people can usually be relieved through self-adjustment; while depression symptoms often persist, and even difficult to relieve by themselves without treatment, and the symptoms will gradually worsen, depression symptoms are often more than two weeks, some more than a month, or even several months. 3. Severity: the former is less depressed, while the latter is severe and affects the patient’s work, study and life, unable to adapt to society, and affects the performance of their social functions, and some may even produce serious negative suicidal speech and behavior. Symptoms: Depression is often accompanied by obvious somatic symptoms and psychotic symptoms, such as persistent and persistent insomnia, a variety of psychological and behavioral abnormalities, as well as a decrease in weight, appetite and libido, and functional discomfort and overall symptomatic relationships that are difficult to locate in many parts of the body, but there are no abnormalities in the examination, which are all common signs of depression. 5, the course of the disease and the law of change: typical depression has rhythmic symptom characteristics, manifested as the morning heavy night light change pattern. Many patients often say that their mood is particularly bad and painful in the early morning every day, so many of them often have thoughts of suicide at this time. After 3-4 p.m., the patient’s state of mind gradually improves, and in the evening, he seems to feel no more problems. The next morning, they fall back into the difficult time of morbid depression. 6, the tendency to attack and family history: depression can be recurrent, the basic symptoms of each attack is roughly similar, more recurrent, there is a past history can be corroborated. In addition, depression often has a family history of psychosis or similar affective disorder episodes. What are the signs of depression? The typical symptoms of depression include depressed mood, slowed thinking and reduced volitional behavior, which are customarily referred to as the “three lows”, with depressed mood being the most important. The typical symptoms vary from morning to evening. Depressive state of mind: The basic characteristics are depressed mood, distress and sadness, and lack of interest. Feeling pessimistic and desperate, painful and unbearable, with the feeling that life is like a year and life is worse than death. The inner experience is often described as meaningless, unhappy, etc. Delayed thinking: the thinking process is inhibited, the reaction is slow, and the brain does not turn, which is manifested by the reduction of active speech, the speed of speech is significantly slowed, and the thinking problem is laborious, like a rusty machine. Decreased voluntary behavior: active activities are significantly reduced, life is passive, reluctant to participate in the outside world and activities of ordinary interest, often solitary. The laziness of life develops into inactivity, which can reach the level of rigidity. The most dangerous is the recurrence of suicidal attempts and behaviors. Somatic symptoms: Most patients have sleep disturbances, loss of appetite, poor digestion, weight loss, dry mouth, constipation, loss of libido and a variety of somatic complaints, such as panic attacks, chest tightness, breath-holding, nausea, etc. ”Smiling depression”: It is a special type of depression. It occurs mostly among successful people with high status, high education, and successful career. Although the patient feels extreme pain, depression, sadness and sorrow deep inside, the outward expression is as if nothing is wrong, with a “smile”. This “smile” is not a true feeling from the bottom of their hearts, but rather out of “the need to work”, “the need to save face”, in order to maintain their In order to maintain their “face” of “competent” and “strong”, these negative emotions they do not want to confide in others, and deep inside they keep accumulating pain, depression, sorrow and sadness.