Neonatal hemolytic disease is a homozygous immune hemolysis caused by the incompatibility of the mother’s and child’s blood groups. 1. Etiology, including ABO blood group hemolysis, RH blood group hemolysis. 2. Clinical manifestations, mainly hemolytic jaundice, anemia, hepatosplenomegaly. Jaundice mostly occurs within 24 hours after the birth of newborns and aggravates rapidly. Hemolysis causes anemia, and in severe cases, there may be heart failure. Hepatosplenomegaly, mostly seen in RH hemolytic disease. 3.Treatment (1) Prenatal treatment, including early delivery, plasma exchange, intrauterine blood transfusion, taking phenobarbital during pregnancy and other treatments. (2) Neonatal treatment, including phototherapy, medication, blood exchange therapy, and symptomatic treatment. If hemolytic disease of the newborn is considered, it needs to be prevented in advance and timely consultation is required.