In the 21st century, liver transplantation has become the last hope for patients with end-stage liver disease, as more and more of them have regained their lives thanks to liver transplantation. The technique began in the 1960s and today more than 80,000 patients worldwide have undergone the procedure, with the number increasing by more than 1,000 each year, returning many hopeless people to society to start a new life. This technique has become one of the most acclaimed methods in the field of surgery today, and as a result, liver transplantation has become one of the hallmarks of a hospital and even a country’s medical standards. Liver transplantation was still being explored in the 1960s and 1970s, when post-surgical rejection and infection plagued both doctors and patients due to the absence of specific immunosuppressive agents. Until the late 1970s, the one-year survival rate for liver transplantation was low, and liver transplantation was still a very dangerous and unreliable procedure. In 1979, the advent of cyclosporine A (CsA) revolutionized clinical transplantation. It acted primarily in mediating transplant rejection cellular immunity, and it was the first immunosuppressive agent with some selectivity. It was found that the use of CsA increased the survival rate of liver transplantation from the previous 30% to more than 70%. Liver transplantation entered clinical use. the 1980s and 1990s were a period of rapid development for liver transplantation. New technologies such as intravenous transfer and UW preservation fluids emerged and several large transplant centers were established worldwide, notably the Starzl Transplant Center at the University of Pittsburgh. The Starzl Center holds the most world firsts in clinical and experimental transplantation: in 1983, Starzl and colleagues performed the first combined heart and liver transplant; in the same year, he created the intravenous diversion method that is widely used today by transplant surgeons, greatly reducing surgical bleeding and related complications in patients; in 1988, he first proposed the use of anti-hepatitis B immunization in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. In 1988, he first proposed the use of anti-hepatitis B immunoglobulin in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection to prevent the recurrence of HBV after transplantation; in 1989, he led a multicenter clinical trial of a new immunosuppressive agent, tacrolimus (FK506), for liver transplantation, finding another safe and effective anti-rejection drug for liver transplantation, perhaps most interesting of which were the two extraordinary liver transplants in 1992 – baboon → human liver transplantation. . The procedure for liver transplantation consists of a donor procedure, which is the individual who donates the liver, and a recipient procedure, which is the patient who receives the liver. The steps of donor surgery are lavage, acquisition, preservation and backstage revision. The surgical steps for the recipient are excision of the diseased liver, hemostasis, and implantation of the donor liver, which requires anastomosis of the inferior vena cava, portal vein, hepatic artery, and bile duct. The procedure undergoes a liver-free phase and a reperfusion phase, when dramatic changes in hemodynamics, electrolytes, blood pH and coagulation occur. Timely cooperation with anesthesia, laboratory tests, etc. is required.