The liver is the largest digestive gland in the body, located in the right upper abdomen, generally covered by the ribs, soft and brittle, in addition to being prone to rupture by violent impact, but also because it is responsible for the body’s nutritional, detoxification, metabolic and other functions, but also vulnerable to viruses, alcohol, drugs, toxins, immune damage, affecting people’s lives, work and even life. Now as a senior liver disease expert, talk about the latter kinds of liver damage. A, viral damage: is currently the most common liver damage in China, and the most common viral damage is hepatitis B, followed by hepatitis C, of course, from time to time, hepatitis A, hepatitis E flash. The most harmful and hidden are hepatitis B and C. Most of these two types of viral damage are not easy to detect, and often quietly damage our liver, but also repeatedly damage, gradually forming fibers (“scars”) and irregular hyperplasia in the liver, some patients develop cirrhosis and even liver cancer before they come to the doctor, missing the best time for treatment, which seriously The best time for treatment is missed, which seriously affects the life and work of patients, and also leads to the premature death of some young adults! These two types of hepatitis are easily spread through blood, body fluids, maternity, and are currently a major social and medical problem. Relatively speaking, hepatitis A and E are better to deal with, because these two kinds of hepatitis are mainly transmitted through the digestive tract, pay attention to dietary hygiene, the chance of infection is very little, and most of these two kinds of hepatitis are acute, basically can be cured, but pregnant women infected with hepatitis E is more dangerous, easy to cause heavy hepatitis, endangering the lives of mothers and children! Second, alcohol damage: the main component of alcohol is ethanol, through the mouth into the body after more than 80% in the stomach is rapidly absorbed, of which 90% – 98% in the liver metabolism, ethanol is mainly in the liver is converted into acetaldehyde, and acetaldehyde and then through the combination of protein molecules in the liver cells, destroy the liver cell membrane, reduce glutathione and oxygen supply to liver cells, promote intrahepatic fibers (“scar “) formation, leading to fatty liver, hepatitis, liver fibrosis and cirrhosis, and rarely to liver cancer. Alcoholic liver damage was originally common in Western countries, and now we also often diagnose and treat, according to relevant experts after investigation and statistics found that drinking 80 grams – 150 grams of alcohol per day about two – half a pound for five years can lead to liver damage, if often drunk, then more likely to cause liver damage, and even fulminant liver failure! It is more difficult to deal with, and abstinence from alcohol is the best treatment. Third, drug damage: drugs were originally used to cure the disease and save lives, but the use of improper or toxic side effects of the drug itself can also damage the liver. We have seen more liver-damaging drugs in the clinic, such as anti-tuberculosis drugs, ringworm drugs, anti-osteoporosis drugs, hypoglycemic drugs, anti-hyperthyroidism drugs, as well as tuberculosis pills, Chinese medicines containing yellow medicine seeds and neem seeds. In our province, there have been several cases of anti-tuberculosis drugs causing serious liver damage leading to death, and we are often subjected to cases of liver failure caused by some herbal medicines, mostly ending in no cure. Some antitumor drugs also bring about toxic side effects of liver damage. Therefore we must use drugs scientifically to avoid or reduce liver damage as much as possible. Fourth, fatty damage: people will feel strange, how can fat cause liver damage? Fats and other things do cause liver damage! With the improvement of living standards, convenient transportation, people not only eat well, and less activity, high blood lipids, high blood sugar, high weight and other high metabolic syndrome has become more common, blood lipids, high blood sugar, then not only make too much fat deposits in the liver, the direct formation of fatty liver damage to the liver, high blood sugar also caused by the metabolism of fat in the liver, the transformation of reduced, will also cause or aggravate fatty liver, and even progress to steatohepatitis , liver fibrosis, etc., so we need to appropriate diet, more vegetables, fruits, more exercise! Five, toxic damage: relatively rare, but we have received toxic gases, fish bile, snake bile, pesticides, rat poison, poisonous mushrooms and other liver damage caused by patients, especially fish bile caused by liver damage is very heavy, but also can cause damage to multiple organs throughout the body, so do not just eat raw fish bile, to prevent children and other misuse of agricultural (rat) drugs, do not easily pick wild mushrooms to avoid unnecessary liver damage! Sixth, autoimmune damage: clinically we will also receive some patients with unexplained liver damage, these patients can have jaundice, itching, weakness, stool color lightening, a few have dry mouth, dry eyes, hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism, chronic enteritis and other manifestations, liver function is transaminases, globulin elevation, some have elevated bilirubin, etc., basically exclude the above causes, through autoimmune antibodies and liver biopsy, The final diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis, primary biliary cirrhosis, primary sclerosing cholangitis and other autoimmune liver diseases may be related to autoimmunity, genetics, environmental factors, infections, most people and even physicians are not familiar with such diseases, and these diseases can be progressive development. Therefore, in case of unexplained liver damage, it is important to visit an infectious disease or liver disease specialist to avoid delays!