The clinical manifestations and ultrasound examination of adenocystitis are not specific, but mainly manifest as lower abdominal cramps, urinary frequency, urinary urgency, urinary pain and other urinary tract irritation symptoms and difficulty in urination and microscopic hematuria, and some patients have carnal hematuria. In some patients, there is visual hematuria. After anti-infection treatment, the white blood cells in the urine disappear, but microscopic hematuria and urinary frequency still persist. The diagnosis of adenocystitis relies on cystoscopy and biopsy. Cystoscopic lesions are located in the triangle, bladder neck, and in severe cases, the triangle and bladder neck are involved in multiple locations. Adenoid cystitis can be classified according to the morphology of the lesion: 1. follicular edema type, which is manifested as a lamellar infiltrative follicular edema bulge or villi-like hyperplasia, and is clinically common; 2. papillomatous type, which is manifested as papillae with tips, mucosal congestion, edema, and is easily misdiagnosed as papilloma; 3. chronic inflammation type, which is manifested as local mucosal roughness and increased vascular texture; 4. no significant mucosal changes The mucosa is generally normal and is found on random biopsy, and this type is more likely to be missed. Adenoid cystitis is often treated with anti-infective therapy alone with unsatisfactory results. Patients with pathologically confirmed adenoid cystitis should be actively treated with electrodesiccation or electrocautery to remove the lesion. Adenoid cystitis is prone to recurrence, and the use of transurethral electrocautery is minimally invasive to the patient, can be repeated, and can be the surgical treatment of choice for adenoid cystitis. Some postoperative applications of mitotoxin, atropine and hydroxycamptothecin are used for regular bladder perfusion therapy to remove residual lesions and prevent recurrence and malignancy. The etiology of adenocystitis includes not only vitamin deficiencies, allergic reactions to toxins and hormonal imbalances in the body, but also chronic irritation such as bladder infection, urinary tract obstruction or stones. Two etiologic hypotheses that dominate the literature include, first, the result of abnormal embryonic development. Second, the theory of epithelial metaplasia. Adenocystitis is considered to be a precancerous lesion of bladder adenocarcinoma, and studies suggest that after several years, adenocystitis can turn malignant, with an incidence of 0.1% to 1.9%. Therefore, patients with adenocystitis should be closely followed up with regular follow-up cystoscopy, urine sediment cytology and bladder tissue biopsy of suspicious areas, which are necessary for early detection of malignant changes. The main methods of follow-up are ultrasound and cystoscopy. Prostatic hyperplasia may be a cause of adenocystitis in male patients, but urinary tract infections, which are more common in women, may also be a cause of adenocystitis. In summary. The etiology of adenocystitis is not clear. In the presence of recurrent urinary tract infections, hematuria, lower abdominal pain and discomfort, especially when anti-infective therapy is not effective, further investigation of the disease should be considered and, if necessary, cystoscopy with tissue biopsy should be performed.