Adenoid cystitis is considered by most scholars to be probably due to the conversion of embryonic residual ectopic remnants into a glandular component as well as glandular metaplasia of the migrating epithelium. It is a benign lesion of the bladder epithelium that is less commonly seen clinically. The etiology has not been conclusively established. Most scholars believe that it is related to chronic inflammatory stone urinary obstruction of the bladder. It is also believed that both the bladder and rectum originate from the primordial genital cavity and that there may be embryonic remnants left to migrate when the rectum separates from the urogenital compartment. Under certain conditions it is transformed into a glandular component, and adenoidal cystitis, which occurs in the neck of the bladder and the triangle, may be related to this. Adenocystitis is a benign lesion but has some correlation with bladder cancer. lu et al. demonstrated that ras and other genes are at higher risk of adenocarcinoma in patients with high expression of adenocystitis, suggesting that the same mechanisms of gene regulation may exist in the formation of adenocystitis and carcinogenic transformation. In contrast, the clinical characteristic of bladder adenocarcinoma is a history of adenocystitis. Because of the high malignancy of bladder adenocarcinoma, the prognosis is poor. Therefore, the diagnosis and treatment of adenocystitis are of great clinical importance. Some scholars believe that adenoid cystitis is a benign lesion and most of them do not have obvious nuclear abnormalities, so it is not necessary to perfuse all patients; only those with obvious nuclear abnormalities and severe atypical hyperplasia can be considered for perfusion chemotherapy. The cure rate is lower in the anti-infection group alone, mainly because the cystoscopic changes are difficult to eliminate, but their symptoms can mostly be improved, so they can be used as general adjuvant therapy. The perfusion chemotherapy alone group and the open surgery group have fewer cases to draw definite conclusions. In terms of overall cure rate, the efficacy of all treatment methods is less than satisfactory, probably because the causative factors are not found and removed. The clinical manifestations of adenocystitis are non-specific. However, the three most common symptoms are cystourethral irritation, hematuria, and dyspareunia. The presence of mucus urine is highly suggestive of adenoid cystitis. Definitive diagnosis relies on cystoscopy and biopsy. The mucosal signs of cystoscopy can be divided into six types: (1) papilloma-like (cauliflower-like); (2) papilloedema-like structures; (3) cystic (follicle-like); (4) solid villous hyperplasia (chronic inflammation or mucosal roughness); (5) submucosal bleeding; and (6) no significant mucosal changes. Hydroxycamptothecin is the most commonly used drug for local perfusion treatment of adenocystitis in clinical practice. The target of action, topoisomerase Ⅰ can make the DNA double-stranded helix unwind, and make a strand temporarily disconnected, through the broken gap to complete a deconvolution, broken strand and link up again, they inhibit the enzyme DNA topoisomerase Ⅰ is achieved by capturing the “enzyme-DNA complex” (severable complex), so that the enzyme and DNA HCPT is also a cell cycle specific drug that acts mainly in the S phase and inhibits nuclear division at higher concentrations, preventing cancer cells from entering the division phase and killing them. It is important to determine the factors that cause adenocystitis. Therefore, removal of obstructing lesions, stones or other causes of chronic irritation may lead to complete disappearance of symptoms and bladder lesions. For the management of localized lesions in the bladder, we believe that they should be treated aggressively as precancerous lesions. Currently, the treatment options available clinically include urethral electrodesiccation and laser treatment. However, the application of TUR in treatment is more limited, and its indications should be limited lesions or cyst neck lesions affecting urination, surgical cautery of the mucosa and submucosa, requiring uniformity and thoroughness; while for a wide range of lesions, the effect of electrodesiccation is not satisfactory, and it may not be cut and residual, and extensive electrodesiccation will aggravate bladder irritation symptoms, and the operation is relatively difficult. For extensive intravesical lesions involving the triangle and bladder neck, or where local adenocarcinoma has been found, radical cystectomy should be performed, but the choice of surgery should be carefully considered in terms of the extent of the lesion, the severity of the disease and the quality of life of the patient in the future. For patients who do not undergo surgery, regular cystoscopy is an essential surveillance tool to help detect the progression of the lesion and to monitor the suspected tissue pathologically. In general, adenocystitis needs to be investigated in terms of both pathogenesis and treatment.