Not suitable for laparoscopic cholecystectomy

  Since laparoscopic cholecystectomy requires the creation of an artificial pneumoperitoneum, it can lead to an increased chance of gallbladder cancer metastasis; in addition, gallbladder cancer can metastasize along the poke hole once it is cut under the scope. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is not recommended for gallbladder lesions suspected of having malignant changes.  The main conditions include the following: 1) single gallbladder polyp with a diameter greater than 1 cm, especially broad-based; 2) thickened gallbladder wall (more than 5 mm) with one of the following conditions: gallbladder stones larger than 3 cm in diameter, or a history of chronic calculous cholecystitis for more than 20 years, or age over 60-70 years; 3) increased tumor markers, especially CEA and CA19-9.