The macula is a core area of the retina at the base of the eye, located at the posterior pole of the eye. More than 90% of a person’s vision is determined by the macula. Therefore, once a lesion develops in the macula, severe vision loss, black shadows in the center of the eye or distortion of vision often occurs. Macular disease can be caused by a primary hereditary lesion, or secondary to age-related changes, inflammatory lesions or involvement of other fundus lesions. Hereditary macular degeneration can have a family history, and the age of onset ranges from early childhood to old age, but most commonly begins in adolescence, making it more difficult to treat. Macular lesions mainly include age-related macular degeneration, preretinal membrane and macular hole changes, which can be improved or stabilized by early diagnosis and appropriate treatment. Inflammatory macular lesions are mostly seen in various retinal chorioretinitis, such as toxoplasmosis and uveitis. In addition, retinal vein obstruction, retinal vasculitis, diabetic retinopathy, high myopia and traumatic choroidal rupture can lead to hemorrhage and edema in the macula and other lesions that seriously affect vision. Some lesions such as central plasmacytoretinal chorioretinopathy and central exudative retinal chorioretinopathy have not been fully understood, but they can cause macular edema or hemorrhage with some degree of visual impairment. Since macular lesions are more complicated and often seriously affect patients’ vision, once vision changes or visual distortion occurs, it is necessary to go to a specialist in fundus disease in time to clarify the cause and early diagnosis and treatment. Due to the complex etiology of macular disease, the treatment effect is relatively poor, but with the development of technology in recent years, systematic buffet-type treatment can often save the visual function of most patients, such as herbal medicine and antioxidant treatment in the early stage of the disease, traditional laser, PDT or Avastin and other neovascularization inhibitor treatment in the middle stage, and vitreoretinal surgery treatment in the late stage.