The macula is only 1.5 mm in diameter and is the most critical and visually sharpest part of the retina. When pathological changes occur in the macular region, a person’s central vision is severely impaired because once the retinal cells in the macula are destroyed, they cannot be repaired and vision is permanently impaired. One of the factors that cause macular degeneration is age-related lesions, commonly known as age-related macular degeneration. Age-related macular degeneration mostly occurs over the age of 45, and the older the age, the higher the incidence, and because of this, age-related macular degeneration is often mistaken for a normal aging process. Now it has become the number one culprit of blindness in the elderly. In China’s middle-aged and elderly population, there is a serious lack of knowledge about age-related macular degeneration, and there are many cases of non-treatment and irregular treatment, and even hope for “prescription”, which delays the best treatment time and leads to irrecoverable vision loss. Although macular degeneration is a “killer” with a high rate of blindness, its early symptoms are not obvious and do not cause pain, and by the time the patient realizes it, it has already caused serious damage to visual function. Currently, there are two effective treatments for age-related macular degeneration: photodynamic therapy (PDT) and intravitreal injection of Ranibizumab, which can effectively control the progression of macular degeneration and vision loss, but the shortcoming is that multiple treatments are required and the treatment is expensive. To prevent age-related macular degeneration, we can advise patients to quit smoking, avoid prolonged exposure to strong sunlight, wear appropriate sunglasses; eat a balanced diet and reduce the consumption of high cholesterol and high fat foods, and eat more foods rich in carotenoids, vitamins C and E and minerals, such as carrots, cereals, dried beans, green leafy vegetables and raw fruits. Also for the high-risk group use the Amsler square self-test for early prevention, early detection and early treatment to maximize the protection of the patient’s visual function.